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Chapter 9 Personal Sexuality Elizabeth Lytle, MPH, BSN, RN Los Altos School District Hormones And Sexual Development Hypothalamus GnRH Pituitary Gland Gonadotropins Gonads Sex Hormones Hormones are chemical messengers that arouse cells and organs Hormones influence how we look, feel, develop and behave Sex Hormones Trigger Puberty Female Sex Organs Female Sex Organs Menstrual Cycle Menstrual Cycle Menstrual Cycle Menstrual Cycle Menstrual Cycle Main Events Of Menstrual Cycle Hypothalamus triggers pituitary to release FSH and LH FSH stimulates follicle development Follicle produces estrogen that triggers ovulation Estrogen and progesterone stimulate uterus to prepare for egg If egg is fertilized, pregnancy begins If egg is not fertilized, menstruation occurs Female Sexual Health Conditions Premenstrual Syndrome Toxic Shock Syndrome Menstrual Cramps Amenorrhea Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder Premenstrual Syndrome Is Common Hormone deficiency or imbalance Thyroid hormone abnormalities Causes Stress •Mood changes • Digestive symptoms • Anxiety • Hot flashes Symptoms • Irritability • Insomnia • Forgetfulness • Water retention Exercise Calcium & vitamin D Less caffeine Treatment Diuretics SSRI Premenstrual Dyphoric Disorder PMDD is not related to PMS Symptoms Treatment Depression during last week of menstrual cycle Cannot function at work, school or home SSRIs Birth control pill that stops ovulation Menstrual Cramps Caused by overproduction of prostaglandins Abdominal cramps and pain Leg and back pain Diarrhea Tension Water retention Amenorrhea Defined Absence of menstruation for 3 or more consecutive months Health Effects Loss of bone density Osteoporosis Stress fractures Toxic Shock Syndrome What Symptoms Bacterial infection in women who use tampons • High fever • Rash – peeling of skin • Dizziness • Very low blood pressure Antibiotics Treatment IV Immunoglobulin Male Sex Organs Circumcision Removal of foreskin – skin covering the penis Why? • Religious tradition • Reduces risk of HIV, herpes, and HPV in men and trichomonas in women • Lower risk of penis cancer • Less risk of urinary tract infection in babies • Easier genital hygiene • Prevention of foreskin infections and retraction Characteristics Of Sexual Health Honest Nonexploitative Consensual Mutually pleasurable Sexually Healthy Relationship Protected against STI and pregnancy Sexual Orientation Sexual or romantic attraction Heterosexual between opposite sexes Homosexual Bisexual Sexual, emotional, social attraction to member of same sex Sexual attraction to both males and females Many vary across life-span Sexual Orientation Identify with the opposite gender than their birth gender Transgender Behavior as opposite gender for social pleasure rather than sexual gratification Feel trapped in body of wrong gender Transsexual May undergo gender reassignment surgery Sexual Behavior Across The Life-Span Adolescent • Sexual exploration • Erections, wet dreams, masturbation • Kissing, petting, touching, oral sex College • See sex as normal peer behavior • One-third report using condoms • Drinking increases sexual risk Adult • Average frequency of sex is once weekly • Frequency of sex decreases with education level Why People Have Sex Attraction to another person Physical pleasure Express love Feeling desired by the other person Escalating depth of relationship Curiosity or adventure Marking special occasion Mere opportunity ‘Just Happened’ Sexual Activities Fantasy Celibacy Masturbation Oral Sex Intercourse Anal Stimulation Outercourse Anal Intercourse Abstinence Phases Of Sexual Response Excitement Stimulation causes male erection and female lubrication Plateau Excitement intensifies – penis increases in length, vagina swells Orgasm 3-12 muscular contractions 4/5 second apart for up to 60 seconds Resolution • Return to non-excited state • Heart rate, blood pressure and breathing return to normal
