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Chapter 10: The
Endocrine System
McGraw-Hill
© 2013 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Learning Outcomes
 Recall the parts/function of endocrine system
 Define combining forms used in building words that




relate to the endocrine system.
Recall the common diagnoses, laboratory tests, and
clinical procedures used in treating disorders of the
endocrine system.
Define the major pathological conditions of the
endocrine system.
Define surgical terms related to the endocrine system.
Recognize common pharmacological agents used in
treating disorders of the endocrine system.
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Structure/ Function
 Group of glands act as body’s master regulator of
chemicals that affect the entire body
 Hormones secretion
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Endocrine System
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Secretions and Functions
 Hypothalamus
 pituitary-regulating hormones ,either stimulate or
inhibit pituitary secretions
 Neurohypophysis
 antidiuretic hormone (ADH), vasopressin
oxytocin ,melanocyte-stimulating hormone
(MSH),increase water reabsorption ,stimulates uterine
contractions and lactation ,stimulates the production
of melanin
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Secretions and Functions
 Adenohypophysis
 Growth, somatotrophic, thyroid-stimulating,
adrenocortictropic, follicle-stimulating, and
luteinizing and prolactin hormones
 bone and muscle growth; regulate metabolic
functions,
stimulates thyroid gland, stimulates adrenal cortex
development of ova and production of female
hormones, breast development and milk production
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Secretions and Functions
 Thyroid
 thyroxine ; triiodothyronine , calcitonin,
 regulates metabolism; stimulates growth,
lowers blood calcium as necessary to maintain
 homeostasis
 Parathyroid
 parathormone, parathyroid hormone (PTH), increase
blood calcium as necessary to maintain homeostasis
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Secretions and Functions
 Adrenal Medulla
 Epinephrine and norepinephrine
 React to stress
 Adrenal Cortex
 glucocorticoids , mineralocorticoids , gonadocorticoids
 affect metabolism, growth, and aid in electrolyte and
fluid balances
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Secretions and Functions
 Pancreas
 insulin, glucagons, maintains blood glucose
concentration
 Pineal Gland
 Melatonin, affects sexual functions and sleep cycles
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Secretions and Functions
 Ovaries
 Estrogen and progesterone, female sex characteristics,
menstrual cycle, reproductive functions
 Testes
 Androgen, testosterone, male sex characteristics,
sperm production
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Secretions and Functions
 Thymus gland
 thymosin, thymic humoral factor , factor thymic
serum , T cells and some B cells development;
function not well understood
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Combining Forms
 aden(o)
 adren(o), adrenal(o)
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gluc(o)
glyc(o)
gonad(o)
pancreat(o)
parathyroid(o)
thyr(o), thyroid(o)
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gland
adrenal
glands
glucose
glycogen
sex glands
pancreas
parathyroid
thyroid
gland
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Hypothalamus/Pituitary
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Hypothalamus, Pineal, Pituitary
Gland
 Hypothalamus = stimulates / inhibits secretions
 Pineal gland = sexual function / sleep cycles
 Pituitary gland = growth and metabolism
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Thyroid ,Parathyroid, Thymus,
Adrenal
 Thyroid affects= metabolism
 Thymus gland = aids in T and B cells
 Adrenal glands= metabolism, growth, fluid and
electrolyte balance
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Thyroid gland
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Parathyroid glands
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Adrenal glands
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Pancreas, Ovaries, Testes
 Pancreas = insulin = maintain glucose levels
 Ovaries= estrogen and progesterone
 Testes = testosterone
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Pancreas
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Diagnostic, Procedural, Lab Term
 Assist in diagnosing medical conditions
 Often used in combination,
 Lead to a final diagnosis and treatment planning
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Programmed Review
 fasting blood sugar
 postprandial
 glucose tolerance test
 blood sugar
(GTT)
 blood sugar
 blood glucose
 urine sugar
 glycated hemoglobin
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Pathological Terms
 Disorders of the pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid and
adrenal glands can affect many functions within the
body.
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Cretinism
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Grave’s disease
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Iodine Deficiency
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Pancreas Disorders
 Pancreatic disorders frequently lead to diabetes.
 Diabetes can impact many other systems within the
body.
 pancreatitis
 hypoglycemia
 diabetes mellitus
 diabetes
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Pancreas Disorders (cont.)
 Type I diabetes
(insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus or IDDM)
 Type II diabetes
(non insulin dependent diabetes mellitus or NIDDM)
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Pancreas Disorders (cont.)
 glucosuria
 diabetic retinopathy
 diabetic nephropathy
 acidosis
 diabetic neuropathy
 ketoacidosis
 ketosis
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Endocrine System and Cancer
 Cancers occur commonly in the endocrine system
 Thyroid cancer= remove gland +replace hormone
 Pancreatic cancer= fatal = No good treatments
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Surgical Terms
 Endocrine glands that become diseased can be
surgically removed.
 Synthetic hormones replacement
 adenectomy
 adrenalectomy
 hypophysectomy
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Surgical Terms (cont.)
 pancreatectomy
 parathyroidectomy
 thymectomy
 Thyroidectomy
 hormone replacement therapy (HRT)
 antiphypoglycemic
 antihyperglycemic
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Surgical Terms (cont.)
 hypoglycemic
 human growth hormone
 steroids
 radioactive iodine therapy
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Chapter Review
 Recall the parts/function of endocrine system
 Define combining forms used in building words that relate




to the endocrine system.
Recall the common diagnoses, laboratory tests, and
clinical procedures used in treating disorders of the
endocrine system.
Define the major pathological conditions of the endocrine
system.
Define surgical terms related to the endocrine system.
Recognize common pharmacological agents used in
treating disorders of the endocrine system.
McGraw-Hill
10-34