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Transcript
Aim: What are the main parts and functions of the endocrine system? I. Endocrine System A. Endocrine (ductless) gland - is a group of cells that produces and secretes chemicals. A gland selects and removes materials from the blood, processes them, and secretes the finished chemical product for use somewhere in the body. ** Exocrine gland – a gland that has a duct and releases it secretions directly to where they have to go. Ex: pancreatic duct and bile duct. DUCTS B. Hormone - is a chemical messenger from one cell to another. C. Target Cell – specific cell that a specific hormone stimulates. 1. A target cell may do one of the following when stimulated by a hormone: a. Secrete more of its product b. Stop secreting its product II. Main endocrine glands A. Hypothalamus – links the nervous system to the endocrine system. Releases hormones that go to the pituitary gland and tells the pituitary what hormones to secrete. B. Pituitary Gland “Master Gland” – produces hormones that affect many other endocrine glands. 1. Has two lobes (anterior and posterior) that release their own hormones. 2. Hormones of the pituitary a. Growth hormone (GH) – controls growth by promoting growth of bone and muscle. Robert Wadlow b. Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) – stimulates thyroid gland to release thyroxin. c. Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) – stimulates the follicles in females to develop egg. C. Thyroid Gland – releases thyroxin which controls rate of metabolism. Results from having insufficient iodine in diet. D. Islets of Langerhans – found in the pancreas. Release hormones insulin and glucagon. 1. Insulin – lowers blood sugar level 2. Glucagon – raises blood sugar level. E. Adrenal Glands – located on top of kidneys. Secrete hormones adrenaline (epinephrine) and noradrenaline (norepinephrine). 1. Adrenaline is the “fight or flight” hormone. F. Gonads – testes and ovaries. 1. Testes – secrete hormone testosterone that is responsible for secondary sex characteristics. 2. Ovaries – secrete hormones estrogen and progesterone. These hormones are responsible for secondary sex characteristics and the menstrual cycle.