Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Blood Pressure and Hypertension Blood Pressure Your Blood Pressure Reflects: 1) How hard your heart is working 2) The condition of your arteries Cardiac Output x Arterial Resistance • Cardiac Output = Amount of blood your heart pumps per minute • Arterial Resistance = Pressure the walls of the arteries exert on the flowing blood What regulates your blood pressure? • Complex interactions among your central nervous system (CNS), hormones, and substances your blood vessels produce from the endothelium • Endothelium = layer of cells lining the inner wall of blood vessels; produce both vasodilators and vasoconstrictors What happens when blood pressure gets too high? • Nerve cells in your circulatory system tell your autonomic nervous system (ANS) • ANS – manages involuntary activities of smooth muscles, including those in the intestines, sweat glands, airways, heart and blood vessels Autonomic Nervous System • The ANS is made of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems The SYMPATHETIC nervous system: - Prepares body for action - Triggers release of neurotransmitters epinephrine and norepinephrine - Raises blood pressure Autonomic Nervous System • The ANS is made of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems The PARASYMPATHETIC nervous system helps the body recover from action How is blood pressure measured? • Sphygmomanometer – traditional blood pressure measuring device; measures in mm Hg (mercury) Systolic pressure = top #, amount of pressure during the heart’s pumping phase (systole) Diastolic pressure = bottom #, amount of pressure during resting phase between heartbeats (diastole) Classifications of Hypertension ESSENTIAL HYPERTENSION (Primary hypertension) - 90-95% of cases -condition has no identifiable cause Classifications of Hypertension SECONDARY HYPERTENSION – arises from other condition; often treatable Common causes 1) Renal artery stenosis – narrowing of artery that supplies blood to the kidneys 2) Hyperaldosteronism – too much aldosterone, a hormone made by the adrenal glands that regulates potassium and sodium levels Secondary Hypertension 3) Hyperthyroidism – overactive thyroid gland How High is High Blood Pressure? See your handout for information on: -Prehypertension -Stage 1 Hypertension -Stage 2 Hypertension Risk Factors for Hypertension • • • • Race Family history Age Sex Risk Factors for Hypertension • Cigarette smoking • Heavy alcohol consumption • Diet (too much salt, saturated fat, and calories; not enough fruits and vegetables) • Obesity and overweight • Inactivity • Stress