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The Thyroid and Your Health Better Health. No Hassles. Hormones and Your Health • What Is a Hormone? • Which Ones Especially Affect Women? • What Can Go Wrong? • Thyroid Disease - a “Hidden” Problem for Women Better Health. No Hassles. 2 What are Hormones • Chemicals that are released into the bloodstream • Regulators of specific body functions Better Health. No Hassles. 3 The Endocrine System Hypothalamus Pituitary Gland Thyroid Gland Parathyroid Glands (located on each side of the trachea and near the thyroid) Adrenal Glands Ovaries Better Health. No Hassles. Pancreas Testes Negative Feedback Loop Better Health. No Hassles. Hormones of Special Interest to Women Thyroxine (T4) Thyronine (T3) Estrogen Better Health. No Hassles. Progesterone Thyroid Disease The “Hidden” Health Problem Better Health. No Hassles. Who do you know with Thyroid Disease? Better Health. No Hassles. What Does Your Thyroid Gland Do for You? • Produces two hormones called • Thyroxine (T4) • Thyronine (T3) • Regulates metabolism so your cells function properly • Affects every cell in the body Better Health. No Hassles. Thyroid Disease Affects Many Body Systems and Overall Health Thyroid • Thyroid Disease Can Have Widespread Effects Liver • Increased LDL Cholesterol • Elevated Triglycerides Intestines • Constipation • Decreased GI Activity Reproductive System • Decreased Fertility • Menstrual Abnormalities • May Harm Development of Infant Better Health. No Hassles. Brain • Depression • Decreased Concentration • General Lack of Interest Heart • Decreased Heart Rate • Increased/Decreased Blood Pressure • Decreased Cardiac Output Kidneys • Decreased Function • Fluid Retention and Edema Thyroid Hormone Affects Many Organs and General Health Eyes Thyroid Lungs Brain Heart Skin GI Tract Liver Kidney Uterus Better Health. No Hassles. When the Thyroid Doesn’t Work Hyperthyroidism Better Health. No Hassles. Hypothyroidism Two Common Types of Thyroid Disease • Hyperthyroidism • Better Health. No Hassles. Hypothyroidism When the Thyroid Doesn’t Work Hyperthyroidism Hypothyroidism • Too Much Thyroid Hormone • Too Little Thyroid Hormone • Metabolism Speeds Up • Metabolism Slows Down Better Health. No Hassles. Hyperthyroidism • Affects About 1% of the U.S. Population or Two Million Americans • More Common Among Women Better Health. No Hassles. Signs and Symptoms of Hyperthyroidism Nervousness Irritability Difficulty Sleeping Bulging Eyes/Unblinking Stare Swelling (Goiter) Menstrual Irregularities or Light Period Frequent Bowel Movements Hoarseness or Deepening of Voice Persistent Sore or Dry Throat Difficulty Swallowing Rapid or Irregular Heartbeat Infertility Weight Loss Heat Intolerance Increased Sweating First-Trimester Miscarriage Warm, Moist Palms Excessive Vomiting in Pregnancy Better Health. No Hassles. Family History of Thyroid Disease or Diabetes Common Signs and Symptoms of Hyperthyroidism • Nervousness • Increased Sweating • Irritability • Heat Intolerance • Difficulty Sleeping • Unexplained Weight Loss • Bulging Eyes • Scant Menstrual Periods • Unblinking Stare • Frequent Bowel Movements • Goiter • Warm, Moist Palms • Rapid Heartbeat • Fine Tremor of Fingers Better Health. No Hassles. If You Have Hyperthyroidism, You’re in Good Company Barbara Bush 1984 Pre-treatment Better Health. No Hassles. Barbara Bush 1991 Post-treatment Hypothyroidism: The Hidden Health Problem Affects Up to 25 Million Americans But Approximately 12 Million Are Undiagnosed Better Health. No Hassles. Hypothyroidism Affects Multiple Body Systems Cardiovascular System Central Nervous System Female Reproductive System Hypothyroidism Can Cause Serious Harm to Your Health Better Health. No Hassles. Signs and Symptoms of Hypothyroidism Tiredness Forgetfulness/Slower Thinking Moodiness/ Irritability Puffy Eyes Swelling (Goiter) Hoarseness/ Deepening of Voice Depression Persistent Dry or Sore Throat Inability to Concentrate Difficulty Swallowing Thinning Hair or Hair Loss Loss of Body Hair Dry, Patchy Skin Slower Heartbeat Menstrual Irregularities/ Heavy Period Weight Gain Infertility Cold Intolerance Constipation Elevated Cholesterol Better Health. No Hassles. Muscle Weakness or Cramps Common Signs and Symptoms of Hypothyroidism • Tiredness • Slow Heartbeat • Loss of Interest and/or Pleasure • Dry Skin • Forgetfulness • Cold Intolerance • Dry, Coarse Hair • Weight Gain • Loss of Lateral Eyebrow Hair • Heavy Menstrual Periods • Puffy Face and Eyes • Goiter Better Health. No Hassles. • Constipation • Brittle Nails Hypothyroidism: The “Hidden” Disease Cardiovascular: Slow Heartbeat Elevated Cholesterol Aging: Dry, Scaly Skin Sparse or Coarse Hair Gastrointestinal: Constipation Weight Gain Gynecological: Irregular Menstruation Infertility Muscular: Muscle Weakness Stiffness Better Health. No Hassles. Blood: Anemia Ear, Nose & Throat: Hoarse Voice Psychiatric: Impaired Concentration Depression Lethargy, Fatigue How to Remember the Signs and Symptoms of Hypothyroidism • Sleepiness, Fatigue, Lethargy • Loss of Memory, Trouble Concentrating • Unusually Dry, Coarse Skin • Goiter (Enlarged Thyroid) • Gradual Personality Change, Depression • Increase in Weight, Bloating or Puffiness (Edema) • Sensitivity to Cold • Hair Loss, Sparseness of Hair Better Health. No Hassles. Spectrum of Thyroid Disease Severe Mild Subclinical Better Health. No Hassles. Diagnosing Hypothyroidism • Family and personal medical history • Hypothyroidism may be Hereditary • Physical exam • • • MD Observes the Patient Palpates the thyroid Interviews patient • Laboratory Tests • • TSH Test Free T4 Better Health. No Hassles. Diagnosing Thyroid Disease • Family and Medical History • Physical Examination • Laboratory Tests (TSH Test and Free T4) Better Health. No Hassles. TSH Testing T3 & T4 “Sends Telegram” Pituitary Better Health. No Hassles. TSH Thyroid Why Test Women Over 40? • Early Detection • Early Treatment • Prevention of • Organ Damage • Unpleasant Symptoms • Other Negative Health Consequences Better Health. No Hassles. Treating Thyroid Disorders Hyperthyroidism • Radioiodine Therapy • Stop Thyroid Hormone Production • Anti-thyroid drugs often helpful • Replacement therapy often needed • Surgery maybe necessary • Monitoring tailored to individual patient status and needs Better Health. No Hassles. Treating Thyroid Disorders Hypothyroidism • Daily oral medication to replace missing hormone • Individualized dosing adjustment to find the right dose for each patient • Annual monitoring Better Health. No Hassles. Your Responsibilities • Tell your doctor if you have symptoms • Ask your doctor for a TSH test and free T4 -- make these tests as part of your medical routine if you are a woman over 35 • Take your medication as directed • Take your thyroid medication separately from iron, calcium and multivitamins • Do not change brand or dose of your thyroid medication without consulting your doctor • If symptoms persist or return, tell your doctor Better Health. No Hassles. Be Your Physician’s Partner in Your Health Care • Prepare any questions you may have in advance • Don’t hesitate to ask them • Observe good health practices – Eat right and exercise • Bring your medications with you when you see your doctor Better Health. No Hassles. Don’t Let Your Thyroid Slow You Down • Know the signs and symptoms – Tell your doctor if you have any of them – Ask your doctor for a tsh test and free t4 if you have them • Take your medications only as directed by your physician • Don’t skip your medicine – consistency is the key to effective treatment and your thyroid health • Don’t change brands or dose unless your doctor approves the change and monitors your blood levels • Take time to take care of yourself! Better Health. No Hassles.