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International Journal of Current Medical And Applied Sciences volume 5, Issue: 2, January 2015, PP: 83-89. International Journal of Current Medical And Applied Sciences. [IJCMAAS] Volume: 5, Issue:2, January -2015, pp: 83-89. Review Article Subject: Obstetrics and Gynaecology The Role of Maternal Thyroid Hormone on Brain Development of the Foetus. Valsa C.A.* *Assistant Professor, Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology Pushpagiri Medical College & Hospital, Thiruvalla, Kerala, India. Corresponding E-mail ID: [email protected] --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Abstract: Maternal thyroid hormones are a key regulatory factor of the foetal brain developmental program. Maternal hyper or hypothyroidism can lead to the disruption of normal brain growth in the foetus, manifesting itself in a variety of ways, such as poor cognitive development, mental retardation, and cerebral palsy. The foetus is able to produce thyroid hormones by 8–10 weeks’ gestation, but prior to that time, is totally dependent on maternal thyroid hormones. Mild hyperthyroidism often is monitored closely without therapy as long as both the mother and the baby are doing well. When hyperthyroidism is severe enough to require therapy, antithyroid medications are the treatment of choice, with propylthiouracil being the historical drug of choice. In patients who develop an allergic reaction to the anti-thyroid medications, surgery is an acceptable alternative. Beta-blockers can be used during pregnancy to help treat significant palpitations and tremor due to hyperthyroidism. Adequate replacement of thyroid hormone in the form of synthetic levothyroxine is the treatment of hypothyroidism in a pregnant woman. Overt hypothyroidism should be treated in pregnancy where as isolated hypothyroxinemia should not be treated in pregnancy. Women who are positive for Thyroid peroxidase antibody and have subclinical hypothyroidism should be treated with levothyroxine. Key words: Thyroid hormones, Hypothyroidism, Hyperthyroidism. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------- Copyright @ 2015 Logic Publications, IJCMAAS,E-ISSN:2321-9335,P-ISSN:2321-9327.
