Download Chapter 45 - sharpesystems2012

By: Taylor Schwanzer
What is the Endocrine System?
 Hormone - Secreted chemicals that are
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formed in specialized cells, travel in body
fluids, and act on specific target cells in other
parts of the body to change their functioning
Endocrine System - The internal system of
communication involving hormones, the
ductless glands that secrete hormones, and
the molecular receptors on or in target cells
that respond to hormones
Target Cells are those cells equipped to
respond to hormones
Endocrine glands which are hormonesecreting organs
Neurosecretory cells secrete hormones into
the blood
Signaling Molecules
 Hormones: send regulatory messages
throughout the body in extracellular fluid
 Endocrine signaling
 Local Regulators - cells adjacent to or near
point of secretion
Neurotransmitters
 Cytokines and growth factors
 Nitric oxide
 Prostaglandins - help regulate the
aggregation of platelets
 Paracrine Signaling
 Autocrine Signaling
 Neurotransmitters and Neurohormones
 Neuroendocrine Signaling
 Synaptic Signaling
 Pheromones
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Chemical Classes of Hormones
Cellular Response Pathways
 Water-Soluble
Hormones
 Lipid-Soluble
Hormones
 Multiple Effects of
Hormones on target
cells that have:
 Different
receptors for the
hormone
 Different signal
transduction
pathways
 Different
proteins for
carrying out the
response
Simple Hormone Pathways
 Insulin and
Glucagon: Control of
Blood Glucose
 Diabetes Mellitus
 Type 1 (InsulinDependent)
 Type 2 (NonInsulinDependent)
Coordination of the Endocrine and
Nervous Systems
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Invertebrates
Vertebrates
Posterior Pituitary Hormones
 Oxytocin
 Antideuretic hormone (ADH)
Anterior Pituitary Hormones
 Each hypothalamic hormone is
either a releasing or inhibiting
hormone
 Hormone Cascade Pathway
 Tropic Hormones
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Follicle-stimulating Hormone
(FSH)
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Luteinizing Hormone (LH)
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Adrenocorticotropic hormone
(ACTH)
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Thyroid-stimulating hormone
(TSH)
 Nontropic Hormones
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Prolactin (PRL)
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Melanocyte-stimulating
hormone (MSH)
 Growth Hormones (GH)
Endocrine Glands
 Thyroid Gland
 Control of Metabolism and
Development and Homeostasis
 Thyroid Hormone:
Triiodothyronine (T3) and
thyroxine (T4)
 Parathyroid Gland and Vitamin D
 Control of Blood Calcium
 Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)
Endocrine Glands Cont.
 Adrenal Gland
 Response to Stress
 Adrenal Medulla
Catecholamines: Epinephrine and
Norpinephrine
 Adrenal Cortex
 Corticosteroids: Glucocorticoids and
Mineralocorticoids
 Pineal Gland
 Melatonin
 Biorhythms
 Gonads
 Sex Hormones
 Androgens
 Testosterone
 Estrogens
 Estradiol
 Progestins
 Progesterone
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Major Human Endocrine Glands
and Some of Their Hormones
Major Human Endocrine Glands
and Some of Their Hormones Cont.
Sources
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http://www.hormone.org/Endo101/gland_diagram.cfm
http://humanphisiology.wikispaces.com/file/view/Cell_signaling.jpg/197555318/Cell_signaling.jpg
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http://courses.washington.edu/conj/bess/intro/nonpolar.png
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http://www.freewebs.com/apbiosite/calc%20homeo.bmp
http://www.natural-supplements-guide.com/images/thyroid_gland.gif
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