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Quick Write •What is energy? •What are the different types of Energy? Notes: Energy • Energy is the ability to work. •Work is done when a force exerted on an object moves that object some distance. •Work is a transfer of energy Both work and energy are measured in Joules. Work & energy is force times distance Units are: Newtons x meters or Joules Two Types of Energy • Kinetic Energy • Energy associated with motion • Ex. Dropping the bowling ball. • Potential Energy • Stored energy • Ex. Lifting a bowling ball to a height. Kinetic Energy= 1/2mass X velocity squared KE = ½m x v² KE = (½ 3600Kg) X (10m/s)² If the truck has a mass of 3,600Kg and a velocity of 10m/s, what’s it’s Kinetic energy? = 180000J Kinetic energy depends on the square velocity! So at twice the speed the truck has 4 x the energy A more massive truck has more kinetic energy. Equation for Gravitational Potential energy • PEgrav = mass x gravity x height or • PEgrav = m x g x h Another type of Potential Energy • Elastic PE • PE associated with objects that can be stretched or compressed. Elastic Potential Energy Gravitational Potential Energy 50Kg 10 meters high PEgrav = mass x gravity x height PEgrav = 50Kg x 9.8m/s/s x 10m = 4900J Please select a Team. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Team 1 Team 2 Team 3 Team 4 Team 5 Team 6 Team 7 Team 8 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 If the mass of an object is 6g and the density is 3g/mL, what is the volume? Density = mass/volume 34 1. 2. 3. 4. 0 2mL 2g 18mL 18g 0% 1 0% 2 0% 3 0% 4 What, if any, is the difference in density between a 20g piece of gold and a 600g piece of gold? 34 1. 600g is greater in density 2. No difference 0 0% 1 0% 2 What forces are acting on the balloon? 34 1. 2. 3. 4. 0 Friction only Gravity only Elastic only All of the above 0% 1 0% 2 0% 3 0% 4 When the motion of an object changes, what has most likely happened? 34 1. Forces are balanced 2. Forces are unbalanced 0 0% 1 0% 2 Team Scores 4 Team 3 4 3.25 3 3 Team 4 Team 7 Team 1 Team 2 Channel Setting Instructions for ResponseCard RF 1. Press and release the "GO" or "CH" button. 2. While the light is flashing red and green, enter the 2 digit channel code (i.e. channel 1 = 01, channel 21 = 21). Channel is 41 3. After the second digit is entered, Press and release the "GO" or "CH" button. The light should flash green to confirm. 4. Press and release the "1/A" button. The light should flash amber to confirm. 50Kg Now calculate Kinetic Energy What’s its velocity if-Just it Add Water Lab falls for one second? Kinetic Energy = ½m x v² KE = (½ 50Kg) X (9.8m/s)² = 2401 J Thermal Energy Temperature • The measure of the particle movement or kinetic energy of atoms and molecules in an object. Absolute zero • The lowest temperature possible (-273 °C) when no more energy can be removed from matter, or when particles are no longer moving. Thermal Energy •The total energy of all particles in matter. Heat •Movement of thermal energy from a high temperature to a low temperature. Heat Transfer •Conduction: Heat is transferred from one object’s particles to another Heat Transfer cont… • Convection: The mass movement of heated liquid or gas. • EX. Wind, oven, home heating system. Radiation • Transfer of energy through electromagnetic waves. • EX: The sun Conductors and Insulators • A material that absorbs or conducts heat well is a conductor. • EX: Metals Conductors and Insulators • Insulators are materials that do not conduct heat well and slow the transfer of energy. • EX: Wood, wool, straw, Styrofoam Specific Heat • The amount of energy required to raise the temperature of 1Kg of a substance by one Kelvin. • EX: water has a specific heat of 4.18J/KgxKelvin • Units: J/KgxKelvin Equation for change in Energy or transfer of thermal energy •Mass x specific heat x change in temperature Heat added = specific heat x mass x (tfinal - tinitial) • Energy conversion – a change from one form of energy to another form. Energy conversion cont… • Most forms of energy can be converted into other forms • Example: Mechanical energy (running water) can be converted into electrical energy (electricity) For example burning coal at an electrical power plant converts chemical energy into heat. The heat makes steam turns Gaswhich engine turbines mechanical energy to make electrical energy. The electrical energy photosynthesis is converted back into heat (oven), light (lights in the house), and Food your body mechanical energy (a car’s engine) when it is used. Heat lamp or hair dryer Oil electricity via power plant Conservation of Energy • Law of Conservation of Energy: when one form of energy is converted into another form of energy, no energy is destroyed in the process • Energy can not be created or destroyed Different Forms of Energy • Mechanical = motion or position of an object • Thermal = total energy of the particles in an object (the more energy the more heat is given off) • Chemical = PE stored in chemical bonds (food) • Electrical = energy caused by moving electric charges • Electromagnetic energy = visible light, microwaves, x-rays, and uv light • Nuclear = fission and fusion Power • Power is the amount of work done in a given time. Equation for power Power = work/time or Power= force x distance/time Power cont….. • Units for Power Joules/second or… Watt (w) Formation of fossil fuels • In the earth’s crust, under distinct pressure, temperature and geological processes, nonrenewable energy formed from once living organisms. Common Types of Fossil Fuels •Coal •Oil (petroleum) •Natural Gas • Fossil Fuels make good fuels because the energy stored in them is abundant and easy to release when heated. • • • • • • • • • Methane Ethane Propane Butane Pentane Hexane Heptane Octane Pentadecane jet fuel) • Tetracosane oil) CH4 C2H6 C3H8 C4H10 C5H12 C6H14 C7H16 C8H18 C15H32 (gas) (gas) (gas) (gas) (liquid, found in gasoline) (liquid, found in gasoline) (liquid, found in gasoline) (liquid, found in gasoline) (liquid, found in kerosene and C24H50 (liquid, found in lubricating Some common uses of Crude Oil • • • • • • • • Solvents •Kerosene Fertilizers •Synthetic fibers Pesticides •Synthetic rubber Plastics •Detergents Diesel fuel Jet fuel liquified petroleum gas plastics Source: Energy Information Administration