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ENERGY is… the ability to do WORK or cause change WORK is… when a FORCE moves an object a FORCE is… a push or a pull There are two main kinds of energy… POTENTIAL ENERGY STORED energy or Energy that is NOT being used Examples: KINETIC ENERGY Energy in MOTION or Energy that IS being used Examples: Write a “P” or a “K” under each picture on your paper to tell whether the pictures are showing POTENTIAL or KINETIC energy. zzzz K P K K P Types of POTENTIAL ENERGY Gravitational Potential Energy energy of any object above a surface – the greater the height, the greater the potential energy. Elastic Energy Associated with objects that can be stretched or compressed NUCLEAR ENERGY Stored in the nucleus of an atom & released when atoms are split or joined together CHEMICAL ENERGY Energy in chemical bonds of food, fuel, batteries, etc. Types of KINETIC ENERGY MOTION KENETIC ENERGY Energy due to the movement of an object ELECTRIC ENERGY Moving electrical charges RADIANT ENERGY Energy that travels by electromagnetic waves – light, x-rays SOUND ENERGY Energy carried by sound waves Combined Kinetic Energy and Potential Energy MECHANICAL ENERGY Energy to move another object through a combination of motion (kinetic) and position (potential) THERMAL (HEAT) ENERGY Energy of the vibrating particles (kinetic) IN an object and the attraction between the particles (potential) Law of Conservation of Energy Energy can be transformed from one form to another, but it cannot be created or destroyed The total amount of energy is the same before and after any process. All energy is accounted for. ENERGY TRANSFORMATION When one form of energy is converted to another form of energy Batteries CHEMICAL ENERGY Wires ELECTRIC ENERGY Light RADIANT ENERGY Label the ENERGY CONVERSIONS in your notes. ELECTRIC PENCIL SHARPENER WIRES electric energy GEARS & BLADES mechanical energy HEATING PAD WIRES electric energy HEAT thermal energy PLANT SUN PHOTOSYNTHESIS Plant changes sunlight and water into sugar (food) for plant! radiant energy chemical energy Energy Conversion in a Pendulum A continuous conversion between kinetic and potential energy takes place in a pendulum. At the highest point in its swing, the pendulum has only potential energy. As it starts to swing downward, it speeds up and its potential energy changes to kinetic energy Potential Energy Energy Conversion in a Waterfall The water at the top of the falls has gravitational potential energy because it is higher than at the bottom. As the water falls, its height decreases, and loses its potential energy. At the same time, its kinetic energy increases because its velocity (speed) increases. The potential energy is converted into kinetic energy. Gravitational Potential Energy Kinetic Energy