Download Energy

SWBAT to explain why fossil
fuels are important as an
energy source
List as many forms of energy
as you can
Energy:
Forms and
Changes
Overview
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
Nature of energy
Kinetic vs. potential energy intro
States of energy
Forms of energy
 Heat
 Chemical
 Electromagnetic
 Nuclear
 Mechanical
Nature of Energy
 Energy
is all around you!
You can hear energy as sound.
 You can see energy as light.
 And you can feel it as wind.

Nature of Energy

You use energy
when you:
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
hit a softball.
lift your book
bag.
compress a
spring.
Nature of Energy
Living organisms need
energy for growth and
movement.
Nature of Energy

What is energy that it can be
involved in so many different
activities?
Nature of Energy

What is energy that it can be
involved in so many different
activities?
 Energy: the ability to do work.
 Work: when you exert a force
Nature of Energy

What is energy that it can be
involved in so many different
activities?
 Energy: the ability to do work.
 Work: when you exert a force
 If an object or organism does work
(exerts a force over a distance to
move an object) the object or
organism uses energy.
Nature of Energy
 Because
of the direct
connection between energy and
work, energy is measured in
the same unit as work: joules
(J).
Nature of Energy
 Because
of the direct
connection between energy and
work, energy is measured in
the same unit as work: joules
(J).
 Objects use energy to do work
and gain energy when work is
done on them
Energy: the ability to do work

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Energy is all around us- it can be
seen, felt, and heard
Two types of energy: kinetic and
potential
Measured in joules
Energy: the ability to do work


We know that energy is flowing
freely all around us.
Are there any places where energy
cannot flow freely?
Energy: the ability to do work

Black holes are regions of space
where gravity is so strong that
matter and light energy can't
escape.
Black Holes
Black Holes
Black Holes
Black Holes
Black Holes
Black Holes
Black Holes
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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=
zTXW9aRO23Y
Overview

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Nature of energy
Kinetic vs. potential energy intro
States of energy


Energy conversions within the body
Forms of energy
 Heat
 Chemical
 Electromagnetic
 Nuclear
 Mechanical
States of Energy


The most common energy
conversion is the conversion
between potential and kinetic
energy.
All forms of energy can be in either
of two states:


Potential
Kinetic
Kinetic vs. Potential Energy Intro
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All energy is divided into kinetic or
potential energy
Kinetic energy: the energy of
motion
Potential energy: the energy of
position (stored energy)
Kinetic Energy
K.E. = mass x velocity
2
What has a greater affect of kinetic
energy, mass or velocity? Why?
Kinetic energy formula:

KE=1/2 x m x v2
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M= mass
v= velocity (speed)
A 3 kg ball is rolling 2 m/s. How much
kinetic energy does it have?
Kinetic Energy

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The energy of motion is called
kinetic energy.
The faster an object moves, the
more kinetic energy it has.
The greater the mass of a moving
object, the more kinetic energy it
has.
Kinetic energy depends on both
mass and velocity.
Potential Energy

Potential Energy is stored energy.

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Stored chemically in fuel, the nucleus
of atom, and in foods.
Or stored because of the work done on
it:
Stretching a rubber band.
 Winding a watch.
 Pulling back on a bow’s arrow.
 Lifting a brick high in the air.
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Gravitational Potential Energy

Potential energy
that is dependent
on height is called
gravitational
potential energy.
Gravitational Potential Energy

A waterfall, a suspension bridge, and a
falling snowflake all have gravitational
potential energy.
Gravitational Potential Energy

If you stand on a
3-meter diving
board, you have 3
times the G.P.E,
than you had on a
1-meter diving
board.
Gravitational Potential Energy
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
“The bigger they are the harder
they fall” is not just a saying. It’s
true. Objects with more mass have
greater G.P.E.
The formula to find G.P.E. is
G.P.E. = Weight X Height.
Kinetic-Potential Energy Conversions
Roller coasters work because of the energy that is
built into the system. Initially, the cars are pulled
mechanically up the tallest hill, giving them a great
deal of potential energy. From that point, the
conversion between potential and kinetic energy
powers the cars throughout the entire ride.
Kinetic-Potential Energy Conversions
Where is KE and PE maximum and minimum?
Kinetic-Potential Energy Conversions

As a basketball
player throws the
ball into the air,
various energy
conversions take
place.
Ball slows down
Ball speeds up
Energy Lab

Today we are going to look at how a
pendulum demonstrates how kinetic
and potential energy are
interconverted
Energy Lab
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
Today we are going to look at how a
pendulum demonstrates how kinetic
and potential energy are
interconverted
A pendulum is a weight hung from a
fixed point so that it can swing
freely backward and forward
Energy Lab
Energy Lab
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When the pendulum is pulled back to
maximum height or at its highest
point, there is only potential energy.
Energy Lab
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When the pendulum is pulled back to
maximum height or at its highest
point, there is only potential energy.
Once the pendulum is released that
potential energy begins changing to
kinetic energy
Energy Lab
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When the pendulum is pulled back to
maximum height or at its highest
point, there is only potential energy.
Once the pendulum is released that
potential energy begins changing to
kinetic energy

At the very bottom or lowest point of the
pendulum, the energy is all kinetic.
Energy Lab
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When the pendulum is pulled back to
maximum height or at its highest
point, there is only potential energy.
Once the pendulum is released that
potential energy begins changing to
kinetic energy
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At the very bottom or lowest point of the
pendulum, the energy is all kinetic.
As the pendulum then rises, that
kinetic begins to be converted into
potential energy.
Overview
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Nature of energy
Kinetic vs. potential energy intro
States of energy


Energy conversions within the body
Forms of energy
 Heat
 Chemical
 Electromagnetic
 Nuclear
 Mechanical
Overview


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Nature of energy
Kinetic vs. potential energy intro
States of energy


Energy conversions within the body
Forms of energy
 Heat
 Chemical
 Electromagnetic
 Nuclear
 Mechanical
Kinetic-Potential Energy
Conversions in the Human Body
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KWL Chart
Forms of Energy (ATP Production)
(BIO)
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www.youtube.com/watch?v=c_adi3nrg
5Y
Kinetic-Potential Energy
Conversions in the Human Body
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KWL Chart
K= what you already know
Forms of Energy (ATP Production)
(BIO)

www.youtube.com/watch?v=c_adi3nrg
5Y
Kinetic-Potential Energy
Conversions in the Human Body
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KWL Chart
K= what you already know
W= what you want to know
Forms of Energy (ATP Production)
(BIO)

www.youtube.com/watch?v=c_adi3nrg
5Y
Kinetic-Potential Energy
Conversions in the Human Body
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KWL Chart
K= what you already know
W= what you want to know
L= what you learned
Forms of Energy (ATP Production)
(BIO)
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
www.youtube.com/watch?v=c_adi3nrg
5Y
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=00
jbG_cfGuQ
Kinetic-Potential Energy
Conversions in the Human Body
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K: What do we already know about
energy use in the body?
Kinetic-Potential Energy
Conversions in the Human Body
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K: What do we already know about
energy use in the body?
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Energy comes in two forms: kinetic
(energy of movement) and potential
(stored energy)
Kinetic-Potential Energy
Conversions in the Human Body
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K: What do we already know about
energy use in the body?
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Energy comes in two forms: kinetic
(energy of movement) and potential
(stored energy)
ATP is a molecule used to store energy
in the body
Kinetic-Potential Energy
Conversions in the Human Body
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K: What do we already know about
energy use in the body?
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Energy comes in two forms: kinetic
(energy of movement) and potential
(stored energy)
ATP is a molecule used to store energy
in the body
Energy cannot be created or destroyed
Kinetic-Potential Energy
Conversions in the Human Body
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W: What do we want to know about
energy in the body?
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Where is potential energy found in the
body?
Where is kinetic energy found in the
body?
How is energy from food transferred to
potential and kinetic energy in the
body?
How is energy balanced in the body?
Kinetic-Potential Energy
Conversions in the Human Body
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W:
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Where is potential energy found in the
body?
Kinetic-Potential Energy
Conversions in the Human Body
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W:
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Where is potential energy found in the
body?
Potential energy in the body is stored in the
chemical bonds of ATP.
When the bonds in ATP are broken, that
energy is released.
Kinetic-Potential Energy
Conversions in the Human Body
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W:
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Where is kinetic energy found in the
body?
Kinetic-Potential Energy
Conversions in the Human Body
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W:
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Where is kinetic energy found in the
body?

Kinetic energy is the energy that is
released from ATP. It is used for day to
day activities like:
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Cellular and molecular transport
Mechanical work (muscle contraction)
Production of other high energy molecules
(tissues, proteins, etc.)
Kinetic-Potential Energy
Conversions in the Human Body
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W:
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How is energy from food transferred to
potential and kinetic energy in the
body?
Kinetic-Potential Energy
Conversions in the Human Body
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W:
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How is energy from food transferred to
potential and kinetic energy in the
body?
Catabolic processes of the body break
food down to release the energy from
food molecules so it can be stored in the
form of ATP
 Anabolic processes of the body: use
energy stored in ATP to perform day to
day activities
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Kinetic-Potential Energy
Conversions in the Human Body
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W:
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How is energy balanced in the body?
Kinetic-Potential Energy
Conversions in the Human Body
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W:
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How is energy balanced in the body?
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Energy that comes in through food has
two options: it can be converted to
chemical energy (stored as ATP) or it can
be used for kinetic energy (day to day
activities)
Kinetic-Potential Energy
Conversions in the Human Body
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W:
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How much energy is released when one
ATP molecule is converted to ADP + P?
How much ATP is produced per hour on a
2,000 Calorie diet?
How much ATP does a person have in
their body at any given moment?
Kinetic-Potential Energy
Conversions in the Human Body
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W:
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How much energy is released when one
ATP molecule is converted to ADP + P?
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How much ATP is produced per hour on a
2,000 Calorie diet?
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30.5 kJ
4.4 kg/hr (105 kg/ day)
How much ATP does a person have in
their body at any given moment?
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50-200g
 (ATP IS RECYCLED HEAVILY!)
Kinetic-Potential Energy
Conversions in the Human Body
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L:
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List 7 bullet points. Turn this in before
you leave!
Intro
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Label the following as potential or
kinetic.
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Electricity
Nuclear energy
Chemical energy
Heat energy
Light energy
Mechanical energy
Overview
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Nature of energy
Kinetic vs. potential energy intro
States of energy


Energy conversions within the body
Forms of energy
 Heat
 Chemical
 Electromagnetic
 Nuclear
 Mechanical
Forms of Energy

Five main forms of
energy are:
Heat
 Chemical
 Electromagnetic
 Nuclear
 Mechanical

Heat Energy

Heat is a form of energy that is
transferred by a difference in
temperature
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Heat is caused by the internal motion
of atoms
Heat energy can be produced by
friction.
Heat energy causes changes in
temperature and phase of any form of
matter.
Chemical Energy
 Chemical
energy is what forms
and breaks chemical bonds
 Chemical energy is required to
bond atoms together.
 When bonds are broken, energy
is released.
Chemical Energy
 Fuel
and food
are forms of
stored
chemical
energy.
Electromagnetic Energy…

…is a form of energy emitted and
absorbed by charged particles that
exhibits wave-like behavior as it travels
through space

Power lines carry electromagnetic energy
into your home in the form of electricity.
Electromagnetic Energy
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Light is a form of
electromagnetic energy.
Each color of light (Roy G
Biv) represents a different
amount of
electromagnetic energy.
Electromagnetic Energy is
also carried by X-rays,
radio waves, and laser
light.
Nuclear Energy
 The
nucleus
of an atom is
the source of
nuclear
energy.
Nuclear Energy


When the nucleus splits (fission),
nuclear energy is released in the
form of heat energy and light
energy.
Nuclear energy is also released
when nuclei collide at high speeds
and join (fuse).
Nuclear Energy
The sun’s energy
is produced from
a nuclear fusion
reaction in which
hydrogen nuclei
fuse to form
helium nuclei.
Nuclear Energy
 Nuclear
energy is the
most
concentrated
form of
energy.
Mechanical Energy
 The
energy possessed by an
object due to its motion or its
position
 When
work is done to an
object, it acquires energy.
The energy it acquires is
known as mechanical energy.
Mechanical Energy
When you throw a
balling ball, you
give it energy.
When that
bowling ball hits
the pins, some of
the energy is
transferred to the
pins (transfer of
momentum).
Exit Survey: Classify as Kinetic or
Potential
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Heat energy
Electromagnetic energy (light)
Mechanical energy
Chemical energy
Nuclear energy
Gravitational energy
Kinetic vs. Potential Energy

Kinetic energy: the energy of
motion
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
Heat energy
Electromagnetic energy (light)
Mechanical energy
Potential energy: the energy of
position (stored energy)

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
Chemical energy
Nuclear energy
Gravitational energy
Overview
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Nature of energy
Kinetic vs. potential energy intro
States of energy
Forms of energy
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Heat
Chemical
Electromagnetic
Nuclear
Mechanical
Energy conversions
Laws of energy
Energy Conversion

Energy can be changed from one
form to another. Changes in the
form of energy are called energy
conversions.
Energy conversions

All forms of energy can be
converted into other forms.


The sun’s energy through solar cells
can be converted directly into
electricity.
Green plants convert the sun’s energy
(electromagnetic) into starches and
sugars (chemical energy).
Other energy conversions

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In an electric motor, electromagnetic
energy is converted to mechanical
energy.
In a battery, chemical energy is
converted into electromagnetic energy.
The mechanical energy of a waterfall is
converted to electrical energy in a
generator.
Energy Conversions

In an automobile
engine, fuel is
burned to convert
chemical energy
into heat energy.
The heat energy is
then changed into
mechanical
energy.
Chemical --> Heat --> Mechanical
The Law of Conservation of Energy

Energy can be neither created nor
destroyed by ordinary means.


It can only be converted from one form
to another.
If energy seems to disappear, then
scientists look for it – leading to many
important discoveries.
Overview



Nature of energy
Kinetic vs. potential energy intro
States of energy


Energy conversions within the body
Forms of energy
 Heat
 Chemical
 Electromagnetic
 Nuclear
 Mechanical