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Energy – What is it?
Energy is the ability of things
to change or to cause change
in other things
Work takes place when energy is
transferred to an object causing it
to move or change.
It is measured in Joules (J)
(the energy needed to push with a force of 1
newton for a distance of 1 meter)
What are the 2 basic forms of energy?
Kinetic and Potential
All energy exists as either kinetic or potential energy
Potential
Energy:
energy that is
due to
position;
stored
Three types of potential energy:
Gravitational
Chemical
Energy potential
that comes from
and object’s
height and
weight
Energy potential
comes from the
atoms it contains
and the chemical
reactions that
take place within
the object
Elastic
Energy potential
an object being
compressed or
stretched
Kinetic Energy : the energy of motion
• It is energy in use. All moving objects have kinetic energy.
• It can do work
• Depends on mass and velocity
Forms of Energy
Heat (Thermal) Energy
Heat energy is caused by the kinetic energy (movement)
of the molecules (particles) within an object. The faster the
particles move, the more heat energy is produced.
Chemical
Energy
Chemical energy is the energy
that is located in the chemical
bonds within a substance.
When these bonds are broken
and reform to create new
substances, chemical energy is
released.
Electrical Energy
Electrical energy is energy of electrical charges caused by
moving electrons.
Mechanical Energy
Mechanical energy is the total
amount of potential and kinetic
energy in a moving object.
It can be potential mechanical
energy or kinetic mechanical
energy
A pendulum is a good example of an
object that has mechanical energy. It
continually changes kinetic energy
into potential energy and back into
kinetic energy as it swings back and
forth.
Nuclear Energy
Nuclear energy is found within the nucleus of an atom.
•Fusion is when 2 or more nuclei come together (sun)
•Fission is when nuclei get split apart (nuclear power)
Electromagnetic Energy
Energy that travels in waves. They have both electrical and
magnetic properties.
Light (Radient) Energy
Light energy is a form of electromagnetic
energy that moves in waves. These waves
allow you to see the world around you.
Eye Spy
Can you find a connection (transformation)
with light, heat, and chemical energy?
Hint: Look at the pictures!
A match’s stored chemical
energy can be turned into
light and heat energy.
There is not just one form
of energy for an object
Energy conversions are
always happening
Law of Conservation of Energy
Energy can NEVER be created or destroyed, only
transferred from one form to another
This happens in a closed system.
Examples:
• Solar calculator (light
to electrical)
• Windmill (mechanical
to electrical)
• Glow stick (chemical to
light)
• Firecracker (chemical
to sound and light)
What type of energy transformations are shown??
Electrical light/heat
Chemical  Radiant
(Em), thermal, sound
Mechanical (p)
Mechanical (k)
Mechanical (p)
Mechanical (k)
Electrical
Chemical  light, heat