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!!!Energy!!! What is Energy? Energy is the property of an object that enables it to do work. Energy is measured in joules ( j ) But what do we mean by “Work”? What is Work? Work is done when a force causes an object to move over a certain distance in the direction of the force . 20N 10m Work is equal to the Force used to move the object multiplied by the distance it caused the object to travel. W =F x d Work is also measured in joules ( j ) When work is done on an object, energy is transferred to that object The work done when the box moved is 20N x 10m = 200j Types of Energy There are many different kinds of energy. Chemical energy is a type of energy stored in chemical bonds found in : Batteries Gasoline Food Types of Energy Thermal energy is associated with heat Sound energy is energy associated with sound (longitudinal mechanical) waves. Types of Energy Light energy is energy that associated with light (electromagnetic) waves Electrical energy is energy associated with current and voltage. Types of Energy Nuclear Energy The energy that is released during a nuclear reaction. Splitting atoms (fission) and fusing atoms (fusion) both release nuclear energy. Nuclear power plants use fission to produce energy, which allow them to generate electricity on a large scale Types of Energy Kinetic energy is energy of motion. It is the energy that all moving objects have. The amount of kinetic energy an object has depends on two factors: Velocity (Speed) and Mass 1) Velocity (Speed): Kinetic energy is greater when the speed is greater More Kinetic Energy Less Kinetic Energy Types of Energy 2) Mass: Kinetic energy is greater when the mass of the object is greater More Kinetic Energy Less Kinetic Energy Types of Energy Potential energy is energy that is stored. Example: Gravitational potential energy ie energy that is stored due to the position of an object. The amount of Gravitational potential energy an object has depends on two factors: Height and Weight 1) Height : Gravitational potential energy is greater when the height is greater 2m More Gravitational potential Energy 1m Less Gravitational potential Energy Types of Energy 2) Weight : Gravitational potential energy is greater when the weight of the object is greater. 4N 2N 2m 2m More Gravitational potential Energy Less Gravitational potential Energy Types of Energy Mechanical energy is energy due to the position of something or the movement of something. •Mechanical energy can be potential- due to the position • Or kinetic - due to the movement of something • Or the sum of the two ( Kinetic + Potential ) The falling ball has Mechanical energy due to it’s position and movement Law of conservation of energy The Law of conservation of energy states that Energy cannot be created or destroyed It can be transformed from one form to another, but the total amount of energy never changes Changing energy from one form to another is called energy transformation. Energy Transformations A battery converts Chemical to Electrical energy When you burn gas you convert Chemical energy to heat energy and light energy Energy Transformations A light bulb burning converts electrical energy to Light energy and Heat energy A speaker converts electrical energy to Sound energy and Movement energy Energy Transformations A power plant at a dam converts mechanical energy to Electrical energy Remember The Law of conservation of energy states that Energy cannot be created or destroyed It can be transformed from one form to another, but the total amount of energy never changes Changing energy from one form to another is called energy transformation. Remember!!! All matter in the universe is composed of tiny particles Tiny Particles Matter These particles are called Atoms Atom Heat SPS7. Students will relate transformations and flow of energy within a system. a. Identify energy transformations within a system (e.g. lighting of a match). b. Investigate molecular motion as it relates to thermal energy changes in terms of conduction, convection, and radiation. c. Determine the heat capacity of a substance using mass, specific heat, and temperature. Temperature and Heat are different!!! • Temperature is the measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in an object. • Heat is the transfer of this kinetic energy from one object to another due to the difference in temperature between the objects. • Heat transfer continues until both objects have the same temperature. Conduction • 1) The transfer of energy as heat between particles as they collide within a substance or between two objects in contact is called Conduction Convection • The transfer of energy by the movement of fluids with different temperatures is called Convection Radiation • The transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves is called Radiation Specific Heat • The Specific heat of an object is the amount of heat energy transfer needed to raise the temperature of 1 Kg of the substance by 1 degree. • The higher the specific heat of a substance, the longer it retains heat. Figure 3 Section 16.1 Specific Heat Q = m x c x ∆T Temperature Absorbed Specific heat Lower specific heat 1°C Specific heat Temperature Absorbs Hot Mass Specific heat Energy Slower /Faster Higher/ Lower Cold Change Faster Decrease 1 kg Energy Same Calorimeter ∆T !!!! Questions!!!! 1)Which of the following is not used to calculate kinetic energy? a. mass c. height b. weight d. velocity 2) Which of the following is not used to calculate potential energy? a. mass c. height b. gravitational acceleration d. velocity 3) Thermal energy is measured in ______. a. joules b. N c. ºC d. j/kg !!!! Questions!!!! 4) The ______ energy of an object increases with its height. a. chemical c. thermal b. kinetic d. potential 5)The kinetic energy of an object increases as its ______ increases. a. height above Earth c. potential energy b. velocity d. volume 6) Mechanical energy is the total kinetic and ______ energies in a system a. thermal b. chemical c. potential d. electrical !!!! Questions!!!! 7) The law of ______ states that energy in a system can change forms but can never be created or destroyed. a. conversion of energy c. conservation of energy b. consecration of energy d. construction of energy