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WELCOME ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY STUDENTS Fall 2012 Mrs. Watson [email protected] 469-272-2000 x7284 Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings PLEASE NO FOOD, DRINKS, CHEWING GUM ANY TIME IN THIS CLASSROOM Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Cornell Notes 2 – Take notes in class like usual. Only write down important things. 1 – Review notes at home. Take “notes on your notes”. Make graphic organizers (flowcharts, etc.) 3 – Summarize notes at home in 10 words or less. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Biology example Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Syllabus First Six Weeks Lecture and Discussion Topic Semester 1 Laboratory and Dissection Topic Evaluation WEEK 1-2 (Aug. 23-Sep. 3): Laboratory Safety Topic I. Orientation and Directional Terms Construction and dissection of clay figures; Body Planes and Orientation and Directional Terms Terminology quiz; Laboratory Safety Quiz WEEK 3-4 (Sep. 7-Sep. 17): Topic II. Tissues. Microscopy; Histology of normal tissues Terminology quiz; laboratory report; laboratory practical exam; written assessment of student understanding WEEK 5-6 (Sep. 1-Oct. 1): Topic III. Integumentary System Microscopy; Histology of normal tissues DISEASE DIARY ENTRY: SEPT. 15 Terminology quiz; laboratory report; clinical scenarios; written assessment of student understanding DISEASE DIARY ENTRY: SEPT. 30 DISEASE DIARY DUE OCT. 1 Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Why Study Anatomy? 1. Communication within the health professions. 2. In order to understand the pathology of the human body, one must understand the normal. 3. Learn the interaction between body systems. 4. Define the significance between structure and function. 5. It’s Fun. (Personal opinion) Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Goals of the Course To provide a common anatomical language To relate the common language of anatomy to the functional morphology of the human body To provide a baseline of knowledge for the study of physiology Illustrate the principle that structure and function are related Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Why Study Anatomy? Provides an education rather than training ie: You can train a robot or a monkey to do surgery but the neither one cannot fix an unexpected problem when it arises. Terminology allows clear communication between medical professionals. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Some definitions Morphology -form that structures take on. Morphology affects function. Structure -a part of the body. Can either be microscopic (small) or macroscopic (gross or large). Function -refers to physical behavior. What a structure does. -function is related to structures (called functional morphology) Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Normal vs. Abnormal -We must understand the normal situation to be able to compare it with and recognize the abnormal. Topographic Anatomy -Structures on the surface of the skin can be used to identify and locate deeper structures, organs, and tissues beneath the skin. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Two Approaches to the Study of Anatomy Systems Approach -study of one system at a time. -all muscles are studied together, all bones, etc.. Regional Approach -all structures within a certain region are studied together. -ie: all structures in the head are looked at together. We will utilize both approaches. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Laboratory Information Hands on training. Bring lab notebook, handouts, and information your instructor tells you. We will use microscopes routinely. Gloves and aprons are required to be worn for dissections. Dissection kits will be supplied for you. You will learn how to use, clean and care for them. DO NOT CUT ANYTHING WITHOUT BEING TOLD TO BEGIN! Bring a set of colored pencils. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings ANATOMY Study of structure. Not random cutting! ANA = to take apart to study and learn TOMY = to cut Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings PowerPoint® Lecture Slides prepared by Vince Austin, University of Kentucky The Human Body: An Orientation Human Anatomy & Physiology, Sixth Edition Elaine N. Marieb Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings 1 Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Define Them! Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Anatomical Position Body erect, feet slightly apart, palms facing forward, thumbs point away from body Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 1.7a Stand in Anatomical Position! Yes, stand up and do it! (Yes, stay in dress code! Someone asks every year …sigh!) Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Directional Terms Superior and inferior – toward and away from the head, respectively Anterior and posterior – toward the front and back of the body Medial, lateral, and intermediate – toward the midline, away from the midline, and between a more medial and lateral structure Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Directional Terms Proximal and distal – closer to and farther from the origin of the body Superficial and deep – toward and away from the body surface Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Directional Terms Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Table 1.1 Directional Terms Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Table 1.1 Regional Terms: Anterior View Axial – head, neck, and trunk Appendicular – appendages or limbs Specific regional terminology Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 1.7a Regional Terms: Posterior View Figure 1.7b Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Body Planes Sagittal – divides the body into right and left parts Midsagittal or medial – sagittal plane that lies on the midline Frontal or coronal – divides the body into anterior and posterior parts Transverse or horizontal (cross section) – divides the body into superior and inferior parts Oblique section – cuts made diagonally Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Anatomical Variability Humans vary slightly in both external and internal anatomy Over 90% of all anatomical structures match textbook descriptions, but: Nerves or blood vessels may be somewhat out of place Small muscles may be missing Extreme anatomical variations are seldom seen Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Body Planes Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 1.8 Non-human quadrupeds Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings CopyrightThe McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Body Sections: 1. A sagittal section divides the body into right and left portions. 2. A transverse section divides the body into superior and inferior portions. It is often called a “cross section”. 3. A coronal section divides the body into anterior and posterior sections. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Body Cavities Dorsal cavity protects the nervous system, and is divided into two subdivisions Cranial cavity is within the skull and encases the brain Vertebral cavity runs within the vertebral column and encases the spinal cord Ventral cavity houses the internal organs (viscera), and is divided into two subdivisions: thoracic and abdominopelvic Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Body Planes Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 1.9a Body Planes Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 1.9b Body Cavities Thoracic cavity is subdivided into pleural cavities, the mediastinum, and the pericardial cavity Pleural cavities – each houses a lung Mediastinum – contains the pericardial cavity, and surrounds the remaining thoracic organs Pericardial cavity – encloses the heart Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Body Cavities The abdominopelvic cavity is separated from the superior thoracic cavity by the dome-shaped diaphragm It is composed of two subdivisions Abdominal cavity – contains the stomach, intestines, spleen, liver, and other organs Pelvic cavity – lies within the pelvis and contains the bladder, reproductive organs, and rectum Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Ventral Body Cavity Membranes Parietal serosa lines internal body walls Visceral serosa covers the internal organs Serous fluid separates the serosae Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Ventral Body Cavity Membranes Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 1.10a Ventral Body Cavity Membranes Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 1.10b Other Body Cavities Oral and digestive – mouth and cavities of the digestive organs Nasal –located within and posterior to the nose Orbital – house the eyes Middle ear – contain bones (ossicles) that transmit sound vibrations Synovial – joint cavities Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Abdominopelvic Quadrants Right upper Left upper Right lower Left lower Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Abdominopelvic Retions Umbilical Epigastric Hypogastric Right and left iliac or inguinal Right and left lumbar Right and left hypochondriac Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 1.11a Note to Student Name all nine of the body regions in the preceding slide: Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Organs of the Abdominopelvic Regions Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 1.11b Practice Quiz! Ch. 1 Quiz Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Review Online http://vanat.cvm.umn.edu/anatDi rections/ Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Worksheet due for homework Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings