Download Body Cavities

WELCOME ANATOMY &
PHYSIOLOGY STUDENTS
Fall 2012
Mrs. Watson
[email protected]
469-272-2000 x7284
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PLEASE NO FOOD,
DRINKS, CHEWING
GUM ANY TIME IN
THIS CLASSROOM
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Cornell Notes
2 – Take notes in
class like usual.
Only write down
important things.
1 – Review notes at
home. Take “notes
on your notes”.
Make graphic
organizers
(flowcharts, etc.)
3 – Summarize notes
at home in 10 words
or less.
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Biology
example
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Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Syllabus First Six Weeks
Lecture and Discussion Topic
Semester 1
Laboratory and Dissection Topic
Evaluation
WEEK 1-2 (Aug. 23-Sep. 3):
Laboratory Safety
Topic I. Orientation and
Directional Terms
Construction and dissection of
clay figures; Body Planes and
Orientation and Directional
Terms
Terminology quiz; Laboratory
Safety Quiz
WEEK 3-4 (Sep. 7-Sep. 17):
Topic II. Tissues.
Microscopy; Histology of normal
tissues
Terminology quiz; laboratory
report; laboratory practical exam;
written assessment of student
understanding
WEEK 5-6 (Sep. 1-Oct. 1): Topic
III. Integumentary System
Microscopy; Histology of normal
tissues
DISEASE DIARY ENTRY:
SEPT. 15
Terminology quiz; laboratory
report; clinical scenarios; written
assessment of student
understanding
DISEASE DIARY ENTRY:
SEPT. 30
DISEASE DIARY DUE OCT. 1
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Why Study Anatomy?
1. Communication within the health
professions.
2. In order to understand the
pathology of the human body, one
must understand the normal.
3. Learn the interaction between
body systems.
4. Define the significance between
structure and function.
5. It’s Fun. (Personal opinion)
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Goals of the Course
 To provide a common anatomical
language
 To relate the common language
of anatomy to the functional
morphology of the human body
 To provide a baseline of
knowledge for the study of
physiology
 Illustrate the principle that
structure and function are related
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Why Study Anatomy?
 Provides an education rather
than training
 ie: You can train a robot or a
monkey to do surgery but the
neither one cannot fix an
unexpected problem when it
arises.
 Terminology allows clear
communication between
medical professionals.
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Some definitions
 Morphology
-form that structures take on.
Morphology affects function.
 Structure
-a part of the body.
Can either be microscopic (small)
or macroscopic (gross or large).
 Function
-refers to physical behavior. What
a structure does.
-function is related to structures
(called functional morphology)
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Normal vs. Abnormal
-We must understand the normal
situation to be able to compare it
with and recognize the abnormal.
Topographic Anatomy
-Structures on the surface of the
skin can be used to identify and
locate deeper structures, organs,
and tissues beneath the skin.
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Two Approaches to the
Study of Anatomy
 Systems Approach
-study of one system at a time.
-all muscles are studied together,
all bones, etc..
 Regional Approach
-all structures within a certain
region are studied together.
-ie: all structures in the head are
looked at together.
We will utilize both approaches.
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Laboratory Information
 Hands on training.
 Bring lab notebook, handouts, and
information your instructor tells you.
 We will use microscopes routinely.
 Gloves and aprons are required to be worn
for dissections.
 Dissection kits will be supplied for you. You
will learn how to use, clean and care for
them.
 DO NOT CUT ANYTHING WITHOUT BEING
TOLD TO BEGIN!
 Bring a set of colored pencils.
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ANATOMY
 Study of structure.
 Not random cutting!
ANA = to take apart to study
and learn
TOMY = to cut
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PowerPoint® Lecture Slides prepared by Vince Austin, University of Kentucky
The Human
Body: An
Orientation
Human Anatomy & Physiology, Sixth Edition
Elaine N. Marieb
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1
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Define Them!
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Anatomical Position
 Body erect,
feet slightly
apart, palms
facing forward,
thumbs point
away from
body
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Figure 1.7a
Stand in Anatomical Position!
 Yes, stand up and do it!
 (Yes, stay in dress code!
Someone asks every year
…sigh!)
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Directional Terms
 Superior and inferior – toward
and away from the head,
respectively
 Anterior and posterior – toward
the front and back of the body
 Medial, lateral, and
intermediate – toward the
midline, away from the midline,
and between a more medial and
lateral structure
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Directional Terms
 Proximal and distal – closer to
and farther from the origin of
the body
 Superficial and deep – toward
and away from the body surface
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Directional Terms
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Table 1.1
Directional Terms
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Table 1.1
Regional Terms: Anterior View
 Axial – head,
neck, and
trunk
 Appendicular –
appendages or
limbs
 Specific
regional
terminology
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Figure 1.7a
Regional Terms: Posterior View
Figure 1.7b
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Body Planes
 Sagittal – divides the body into right and
left parts
 Midsagittal or medial – sagittal plane
that lies on the midline
 Frontal or coronal – divides the body into
anterior and posterior parts
 Transverse or horizontal (cross section) –
divides the body into superior and
inferior parts
 Oblique section – cuts made diagonally
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Anatomical Variability
 Humans vary slightly in both external
and internal anatomy
 Over 90% of all anatomical structures
match textbook descriptions, but:
 Nerves or blood vessels may be
somewhat out of place
 Small muscles may be missing

Extreme anatomical variations are
seldom seen
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Body Planes
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Figure 1.8
Non-human quadrupeds
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CopyrightThe McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

Body Sections:
1. A sagittal section divides the body into
right and left portions.
2. A transverse section divides the body into
superior and inferior portions. It is often
called a “cross section”.
3. A coronal section divides the body into
anterior and posterior sections.
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Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Body Cavities
 Dorsal cavity protects the nervous
system, and is divided into two
subdivisions
 Cranial cavity is within the skull and
encases the brain
 Vertebral cavity runs within the
vertebral column and encases the
spinal cord
 Ventral cavity houses the internal organs
(viscera), and is divided into two
subdivisions: thoracic and
abdominopelvic
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Body Planes
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Figure 1.9a
Body Planes
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Figure 1.9b
Body Cavities
Thoracic cavity is subdivided into
pleural cavities, the mediastinum, and
the pericardial cavity
 Pleural cavities – each houses a
lung
 Mediastinum – contains the
pericardial cavity, and surrounds the
remaining thoracic organs
 Pericardial cavity – encloses the
heart
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Body Cavities
The abdominopelvic cavity is separated
from the superior thoracic cavity by the
dome-shaped diaphragm
It is composed of two subdivisions
 Abdominal cavity – contains the
stomach, intestines, spleen, liver, and
other organs
 Pelvic cavity – lies within the pelvis
and contains the bladder, reproductive
organs, and rectum
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Ventral Body Cavity Membranes
 Parietal serosa lines internal
body walls
 Visceral serosa covers the
internal organs
 Serous fluid separates the
serosae
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Ventral Body Cavity Membranes
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Figure 1.10a
Ventral Body Cavity Membranes
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Figure 1.10b
Other Body Cavities
 Oral and digestive – mouth and
cavities of the digestive organs
 Nasal –located within and posterior to
the nose
 Orbital – house the eyes
 Middle ear – contain bones (ossicles)
that transmit sound vibrations
 Synovial – joint cavities
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Abdominopelvic Quadrants
 Right
upper
 Left upper
 Right
lower
 Left lower
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Abdominopelvic Retions
 Umbilical
 Epigastric
 Hypogastric
 Right and left
iliac or inguinal
 Right and left
lumbar
 Right and left
hypochondriac
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Figure 1.11a
Note to Student
 Name all nine of the body
regions in the preceding slide:
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Organs of the Abdominopelvic Regions
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Figure 1.11b
Practice Quiz!
 Ch. 1 Quiz
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Review Online
 http://vanat.cvm.umn.edu/anatDi
rections/
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Worksheet due for homework
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