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Bones and More Bones!
By: Dan Bartnicki and Ricco Ortiz
Major Bones & there definition
• Bone, the dense, semi rigid, porous, calcified connective tissue
forming the major portion of the skeleton of most vertebrates. It
consists of a dense organic matrix and an inorganic, mineral
component.
• Cartilage, A tough, elastic, fibrous connective tissue found in various
parts of the body, such as the joints, outer ear, and larynx. A major
constituent of the embryonic and young vertebrate skeleton, it is
converted largely to bone with maturation
• Joints, A place or part at which two or more things are joined
• Marrow, Bone marrow. The spinal cord, the inmost, choicest, or
essential part; the pith, strength or vigor; vitality.
• Ossification, The natural process of bone formation
• Osteocyte, A branched cell embedded in the matrix of bone tissue
• Pectoral, Relating to or situated in the breast or chest: a pectoral
muscle; the pectoral cavity. Useful in relieving disorders of the chest
or respiratory tract. Worn on the chest or breast: a pectoral cross
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Humerus, The long bone of the arm or forelimb, extending from the
shoulder to the elbow
Ulna, The bone extending from the elbow to the wrist on the side opposite
to the thumb in humans
Radius, A line segment that joins the center of a circle with any point on its
circumference. A line segment that joins the center of a sphere with any
point on its surface. A line segment that joins the center of a regular polygon
with any of its vertices. The length of any such line segment. A circular area
measured by a given radius: every family within a radius of 25 miles of the
city center. A bounded range of effective activity or influence: the operating
radius of a helicopter. A radial part or structure, such as a mechanically
pivoted arm or the spoke of a wheel. Anatomy. A long, prismatic, slightly
curved bone, the shorter and thicker of the two forearm bones, located on
the lateral side of the ulna. A similar bone in many vertebrates.
Carpals,
Of, relating to, or near the carpus
Metacarpals, Relating to the metacarpus. Any of the bones of the
metacarpus.
More Definition
• Phalanges, A plural of phalanx A compact or close-knit body of
people: “formed a solid phalanx in defense of the Constitution and
Protestant religion” (G.M. Traveling). A formation of infantry carrying
overlapping shields and long spears developed by Philip II of
Macedon and used by Alexander the Great. pl. phalanges Anatomy.
A bone of a finger or toe. Also called phalange.
• Skull, The bony or cartilaginous framework of the head of
vertebrates, made up of the bones of the braincase and face;
cranium. Informal. The head, regarded as the seat of thought or
intelligence: Use your skull and solve the problem. A death's-head.
• Mandible, The lower jaw of a vertebrate animal. Either the upper or
lower part of the beak in birds. Any of various mouth organs of
invertebrates used for seizing and biting food, especially either of a
pair of such organs in insects and other arthropods
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Sternum, A long flat bone in most vertebrates that is situated along the
ventral midline of the thorax and articulates with the ribs. The manubrium of
the sternum articulates with the clavicles in humans and certain other
vertebrates. Also called breastbone
Rib Cage, The enclosing structure formed by the ribs and the bones to
which they are attached
Vertebral column, See spinal column, The series of articulated vertebrae,
separated by intervertebral disks and held together by muscles and
tendons, that extends from the cranium to the coccyx or the end of the tail,
encasing the spinal cord and forming the supporting axis of the body; the
spine. Also called vertebral column
Pelvic Girdle, A bony or cartilaginous structure in vertebrates, attached to
and supporting the hind limbs or fins. Also called pelvic arch
Femur, A bone of the leg situated between the pelvis and knee in humans. It
is the largest and strongest bone in the body
Patella, A flat triangular bone located at the front of the knee joint. Also
called kneecap
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Tibia, The inner and larger of the two bones of the lower human leg,
extending from the knee to the ankle. A corresponding bone in other
vertebrates. Also called shinbone. The fourth division of an insect's leg,
between the femur and the tarsi
Fibula, The outer and narrower of two bones of the human lower leg,
extending from the knee to the ankle
Tarsal, Of, relating to, or situated near the tarsus of the foot: the tarsal
bones. Of or relating to the tarsus of the eyelid: the tarsal ligaments
Metatarsals, Of or relating to the metatarsus
Hinge
• Hinge joints allow
movement in one
direction, as seen
in the knees and
elbows.
Pivot
• Pivot joints allow a
rotating or twisting
motion, like that of the
head moving from
side to side.
Ball-and-Socket
• Ball-and-socket
joints allow the
greatest freedom of
movement. The hips
and shoulders have
this type of joint, in
which the round end
of a long bone fits into
the hollow of another
bone.
Bone Structure & Growth
• The size and shape of bones not only
changes during growth. Around 10% of
your bone mass is removed and replaced
each year.
• The skeletal system holds the organs in
place. The ribs hold two of organs. They
are the heart and the lungs.
Diseases
• Arthritis isn’t just 1 disease; it’s a
complex disorder that comprises more
than 100 distinct conditions.
• Osteoporosis’s basic problem is a
negative balance between the formation
and of bone leading to reduction of bone
mass.
• Rickets is a metabolic bone diseases of
complex etiology affecting growing
bones.
Symptoms
• Arthritis: Pain in joints, swollen joints.
• Osteoporosis: Loss of bone mass, fractures,
plus will never know.
• Rickets: Deformed skull, Rib-breastbone joint
enlargement.