Download Chapter 3 Directional Terms, Anatomical Planes, Regions, and

Chapter 3
Directional Terms, Anatomical
Planes, Regions, and Quadrants
Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Chapter 3
Lesson 3.1
Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
3-2
Objectives
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Define and spell word parts related to
directional terms.
Define, pronounce, and spell the terms used
to describe directions with respect to the
body.
Define, pronounce, and spell the terms used
to describe the anatomical planes.
Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
3-3
Purpose of Directional Terms, Anatomic Planes,
Abdominopelvic Regions, and Quadrants
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directional terms: used to describe the
relative position of one part of the body to
another
anatomic planes: used to describe the
location of internal organs and structures
abdominopelvic regions: used to locate an
anatomical position to describe pain,
incisions, markings, and so on
Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
3-4
Anatomic Position

Body is viewed as erect, arms
at the side with palms of the
hands facing forward, and feet
placed side by side. Whether
the patient is standing or lying
down face up, the directional
terms are the same.
Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
3-5
Combining Forms
for Directional Terms
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anter/o - front
caud/o – tail (downward)
cephal/o – head (upward)
dist/o – away (from the point of attachment)
dors/o - back
infer/o - below
later/o - side
Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
3-6
Combining Forms
for Directional Terms
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medi/o - middle
poster/o – back, behind
proxim/o – near (the point of attachment)
super/o - above
ventr/o – belly (front)
Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
3-7
Prefixes and Suffixes
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Prefixes
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bi- two
uni- one
Suffixes
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
-ad - toward
-ior – pertaining to
Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
3-8
Clicker Question
Which of the following is a prefix?
bib) -ad
c) dist/o
a)
Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
3-9
Directional Terms
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Caudad – toward the tail (downward)
Cephalad – toward the head (upward)
Lateral – pertaining to the side
Medial – pertaining to the middle
Unilateral – pertaining to one side only
Bilateral – pertaining to two sides
Mediolateral – pertaining to the middle and to the
side
Distal – pertaining to away from pt. of attachment
Proximal – pertaining to near the pt. of attach.
Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
3-10
Directional Terms
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3-11
Directional Terms (cont’d.)
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Inferior – pertaining to below
Superior – pertaining to above
Caudal – pertaining to the tail (inferior)
Cephalic – pertaining to the head
Anterior – pertaining to the front
Posterior – pertaining to the back
Dorsal – pertaining to the back
Ventral – pertaining to the belly (front)
anteroposterior (AP) – pertaining to the front and to
the back
posteroanterior (PA) – pertaining to the back and to
the front
Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
3-12
Exercise Figure C #1
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3-13
Clicker Question
Which of the following means two sides?
unilateral
b) lateral
c) bilateral
a)
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3-14
Anatomic Planes
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frontal or coronal: vertical field passing through the
body from side to side, dividing the body into anterior
and posterior portions
midsagittal: vertical field running through the body
from front to back; divides body into right and left
halves
sagittal: vertical field running through the body from
front to back—divides body into uneven right and left
halves
transverse: horizontal field dividing the body into
upper and lower portions
Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
3-15
Anatomic Planes (cont’d.)
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3-16
Chapter 3
Lesson 3.2
Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Learning Objectives
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Define, pronounce, and spell the terms used
to describe the abdominopelvic regions.
Identify and spell the four abdominopelvic
quadrants.
Interpret the meanings of the abbreviations.
Read medical documents and interpret
medical terminology contained in them.
Interpret, read, and comprehend medical
language in simulated medical statements
and documents.
Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
3-18
Abdominopelvic Regions

To assist medical personnel to locate medical
problems with greater accuracy and for
identification purposes, the abdomen is
divided into regions:
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hypochondriac (right & left) of epigastric
 Epigastric – directly above umbilical
 lumbar (right & left) – of umbilical
 Umbilical – around the navel
 iliac (right & left) – of hypogastric
 Hypogastric – directly below umbilical
Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
3-19
Abdominopelvic Regions (cont’d.)
Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
3-20
Abdominopelvic Quadrants
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Right upper quadrant: RUQ – right lobe of liver,
gallbladder, part of the pancreas, portions of the
small and large intestine and the right kidney
Left upper quadrant: LUQ – left lobe of liver, the
stomach, the spleen, part of the pancreas, portions of
the small and large intestine and the left kidney
Right lower quadrant: RLQ – portions of the small
and large intestines, the appendix, the right ureter
and the right ovary and uterine tube in women or the
right spermatic duct in men
Left lower quadrant: LLQ – portions of the small and
large intestine, the left ureter and the left ovary and
uterine tube in women or the left spermatic duct in
men
Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
3-21
Abdominopelvic Quadrants (cont’d.)
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3-22
Clicker Question
Which of the following is an anatomic plane?
sagittal
b) iliac region
c) right upper quadrant
a)
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3-23
Abbreviations
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Ant - anterior
AP - anteroposterior
Inf - inferior
Lat - lateral
LLQ – left lower
quadrant
LUQ – left upper
quadrant
Med - medial
PA - posteroanterior
RLQ – right lower
quadrant
RUQ – right upper
quadrant
Sup - superior

Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
3-24
Medical Document
The patient presented to her physician with
pain in the right lumbar region and right
unilateral leg pain. The pain was felt in the
posterior portion of the leg and radiated to the
distal lateral portion of the extremity. There
was some proximal muscle weakness
reported of the affected leg. A lumbar spine
radiograph was normal. If the pain does not
respond to antiinflammatory medication, she
will be referred to an orthopedist.
Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
3-25