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Chapter 3
Directional Terms, Anatomic Planes,
Regions, and Quadrants
Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Purpose of Directional Terms, Anatomic Planes,
Abdominopelvic Regions, and Quadrants
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
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directional terms: used to describe the
relative position of one part of the body to
another
anatomic planes: used to describe the
location of internal organs and structures
abdominopelvic regions: used to locate an
anatomical position to describe pain,
incisions, markings, and so on
Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Anatomic Position

Body is viewed as erect, arms
at the side with palms of the
hands facing forward, and feet
placed side by side. Whether
the patient is standing or lying
down face up, the directional
terms are the same.
Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Combining Forms
for Directional Terms
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anter/o
caud/o
cephal/o
dist/o
dors/o
infer/o
later/o
medi/o
poster/o
proxim/o
super/o
ventr/o

Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Prefixes and Suffixes

Prefixes
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
biuni-
Suffixes


-ad
-ior
Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Clicker Question
Which of the following is a prefix?
bib) -ad
c) dist/o
a)
Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Directional Terms

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

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caudad
cephalad
lateral
medial
unilateral
bilateral
distal
proximal
Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Directional Terms (cont’d.)






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

inferior
superior
caudal
cephalic
anterior
posterior
dorsal
ventral
anteroposterior (AP)
posteroanterior (PA)
Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Exercise Figure C #1
Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Clicker Question
Which of the following means two sides?
unilateral
b) lateral
c) bilateral
a)
Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Anatomic Planes
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

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frontal or coronal: vertical field passing through the
body from side to side, dividing the body into anterior
and posterior portions
midsagittal: vertical field running through the body
from front to back; divides body into right and left
halves
sagittal: vertical field running through the body from
front to back—divides body into uneven right and left
halves
transverse: horizontal field dividing the body into
upper and lower portions
Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Anatomic Planes (cont’d.)
Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Abdominopelvic Regions

To assist medical personnel to locate medical
problems with greater accuracy and for
identification purposes, the abdomen is
divided into regions:

hypochondriac (right & left)
 epigastric
 lumbar (right & left)
 umbilical
 iliac (right & left)
 hypogastric
Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Abdominopelvic Regions (cont’d.)
Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Abdominopelvic Quadrants
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Right upper quadrant: RUQ
Left upper quadrant: LUQ
Right lower quadrant: RLQ
Left lower quadrant: LLQ
Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Abdominopelvic Quadrants (cont’d.)
Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Clicker Question
Which of the following is an anatomic plane?
sagittal
b) iliac region
c) right upper quadrant
a)
Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Abbreviations
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ant
AP
inf
lat
LLQ
LUQ
med
PA
RLQ
RUQ
sup

Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Medical Document
The patient presented to her physician with
pain in the right lumbar region and right
unilateral leg pain. The pain was felt in the
posterior portion of the leg and radiated to the
distal lateral portion of the extremity. There
was some proximal muscle weakness
reported of the affected leg. A lumbar spine
radiograph was normal. If the pain does not
respond to antiinflammatory medication, she
will be referred to an orthopedist.
Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.