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Skeletal System
Types of Skeletons
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There are 2 types of skeleton.
Endoskeleton
Example: Humans
Endoskeleton
basically means that
the skeleton is inside
the body. “Endo”
meaning within.
Exoskeleton
Example: Crabs,
lobster, Shrimp etc
Exoskeleton means
that the skeleton is
outside of the body
which allows it to
have that hard
shell. “Exo”
meaning outside of
the body.
The Human Skeleton
The newborn human body
consist of about 300
bones. But when the
body reaches certain
ages, certain bones start
to fuse together which
lower the number. When
a body reaches
adulthood it usually has
around 206 bones.
The Human Skull
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The skull is mainly to
protect the cranium so it
does not get damaged.
Because damage of the
brain could permanently
affect you in very harsh
ways. But it also has the
job of protecting our
senses so we are still
able to use them.
Osteoporosis
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Most common bone disease in the world.
The majority of all the people that have it are women
that are the age of 45.
Osteoporosis is where the bone is smaller then normal
and is more fragile.
This will cause the bones to break easier.
Usually the process will be painless up until the point
where the bone breaks.
Type of Joints
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Suture joint- a tight joint that sutures crack. Examplethe skull
Ball-and-socket joint- a joint sutures itself by a ball on
one bone and a socket on the other. Examples- hipspelvis and arm and shoulder
Hinge joint- a joint that works like a door hinge.
Examples- arms and knees
Arthrodial joint-A synovial joint in which the opposing
surfaces are nearly planes and in which there is only a
slight, gliding motion. Example-hands
Condyal joint-A modified biaxial ball-and-socket joint in
which the joint surfaces are elongated or ellipsoidal.
Example- arms
Word Definitions
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Bone- Mortal remains.
Cartilage- Tough connective parts of the body.
Joint- Area where adjacent bones meet or articulate.
Marrow- The spinal chord.
Ossification- The natural process of bone formation.
Osteocyte- a branched cell embedded in the matrix of bone tissue.
Pectoral Girdle- A bony cartilaginous structure in vertebrates.
Humerus- The long bone or forelimb extending from the shoulder
elbow.
Ulna-The bone extending from the elbow to the wrist on the side
opposite to the thumb in humans.
Radius- A long, prismatic, slightly curved bone, the shorter and
thicker of the two forearm bones, located on the lateral side of the
ulna.
Carpals- A bone of the carpus.
Metacarpals- Any of the bones of the metacarpus
Word Definitions (Continued)
Phalanges- Any of the bones of the metacarpus.
Skull- The bony or cartilaginous framework of the head of vertebrates, made
up of the bones of the braincase and face; cranium.
Mandible- The lower jaw of a vertebrate animal.
Sternum- A long flat bone in most vertebrates that is situated along the
ventral midline of the thorax and articulates with the ribs. The manubrium
of the sternum articulates with the clavicles in humans and certain other
vertebrates.
Rib Cage-The enclosing structure formed by the ribs and the bones to which
they are attached.
Vertebral Column- the series of vertebrae forming the axis of the skeleton
and protecting the spinal cord.
Pelvic Girdle- A bony or cartilaginous structure in vertebrates, attached to
and supporting the hind limbs or fins. Also called pelvic arch.
Femur- A bone of the leg situated between the pelvis and knee in humans. It
is the largest and strongest bone in the body.
Word Definitions (Continued)
Patella- A flat triangular bone located at the front of the knee
joint. Also called kneecap.
Tibia- The inner and larger of the two bones of the lower
human leg, extending from the knee to the ankle.
Fibula- The outer and narrower of two bones of the human
lower leg, extending from the knee to the ankle.
Tarsal- Of or relating to the tarsus of the eyelid: the tarsal
ligaments.
Metatarsals- Any of the bones of the metatarsus