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Download Knee Anatomy - Mr. Lesiuk
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Knee Anatomy Knee Joint • The most poorly constructed joint in the body. Femur has rounded distal epiphysis while proximal epiphysis of Tibia is flat. Creates a very unstable design. • Comprised of four separate bones. – Femur – Tibia – Fibula – Patella Femur and Tibia • Articular cartilage covers the ends of both the femur and the tibia. • Medial and Lateral Condyles- found at the distal end of the Femur. • Medial and lateral Condyles found at the proximal end of the Tibia. Patella • Patella tendonattaches onto the anterior of the Tibia. • Provides protection of Knee Joint, Patella also lifts tendons to increase leverage. • Quadriceps tendonattaches the Quadriceps to the patella. Cruciate Ligaments • Major stabilizing ligaments in the knee. • Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL)prevents the tibia from sliding out in front of the femur. • Posterior Cruciate Ligament (PCL) prevents knee from hyperextending • Injuries are most often caused by hyperflexion and hyperextension of the knee or rotation at the knee. Cruciate Ligaments • Posterior Cruciate Ligament (PCL)-It prevents the tibia from sliding backwards under the femur. • Injuries usually caused by Hyperextension • These cruciate ligaments get their name for their cross over (crucifix) arrangement. Collateral Ligament • Medial Collateral Ligament (MCL)connect the tibia and the femur on the medial side of the knee joint. • A force from the lateral side could cause a tear to MCL. • Very common injury in many contact sports. Collateral Ligament • Lateral Collateral Ligament (LCL)connect the fibula to the femur on the lateral side of knee. • A force from the medial side (rare) can cause a tear of the LCL. Cartilage • Articulate Cartilage-covers the moving parts of the knee. • Very smooth and slippery. • Chronic damage to articulate cartilage leads to osteoarthritis. Cartilage • Meniscus- half moon shaped cartilage (Fibrocartilage) lying between the knee joint. • These Menisces (Lateral/Medial) act as shock absorbers to handle pounding in the joint. • Often prone to tearing, which may require surgery to remove fragment. Meniscus Tear Knee Injuries • ACL Replacement surgery. • Often requires harvesting 1/3rd of Patellar tendon or from cadaver. • Animation • Animation 2 Arthroscopic Surgery for Torn Meniscus KNEE SURGERY http://www.youtube.com/watc h?v=pguNCtOwzEc http://www.youtube.com/watc h?v=i8EpT3uCVWU Checkout Animation on Arthroscopic Surgery
