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Download Shoulder Anatomy and Injuries - PA
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Shoulder Anatomy Shoulder Anatomy - bones • Scapula • Clavicle • Humerus • greater tubercle Scapula Supraspinous fossa Infraspinous fossa Subscapular fossa Axillary border Inferior angle Humerus Shoulder Anatomy Joints of the shoulder • Sternoclavicular (SC) Joint • Acromioclavicular (AC) Joint • Glenohumeral (GH) Joint • Scapulothoracic Articulation Sternoclavicular (SC) Joint • Synovial Joint double gliding joint • side to side & front to back • Ligaments • • • • Anterior SC Posterior SC Interclavicular Costoclavicular SC Movements • moves in many directions (but only in small amounts) • • • • Protraction Retraction Elevation Depression SC Joint Function • Absorbs forces • Distributes forces • Allows movement of clavicle Shoulder Anatomy - joints • Acromioclavicular Injury – “Separated Shoulder” Acromioclavicular joint (AC) Support a. Capsule - dense but weak b. Acromioclavicular ligaments • Superior and inferior c. Coracoclavicular ligaments • • TrapezoidLateral Conoid Medial AC Joint Acromioclavicular Joint • A-C Ligament: strengthens A-C joint along with fibers from trapezius • Coracoclavicular Ligament: anchors Clavicle to coracoid process; strongest ligament binding the clavicle to scapula Coracoclavicular Ligament • Two Parts • Conoid ligament (medial) • Trapezoid (lateral) • A-C Separation 1-Stretch A-C 2-Complete tear of A-C; partial tear of C-C 3-Complete tear of A-C; complete tear of C-C Shoulder Anatomy - joints • Scapulothoracic • muscular attachments only • The scapula meets the rib cage! Scapulothoracic Articulation • Movements: • • • • • • Protraction Retraction Elevation Depression Upward Rotation Downward Rotation Shoulder Anatomy - joints • Glenohumeral • ball and socket • lacks bony stability (small glenoid, large humerus) • provides motion • glenoid labrum (fibrocartilage) • rotator cuff (muscular stability) ROTATOR CUFF Glenohumeral (GH) Joint • “True Shoulder Joint” • Synovial Joint - Ball and Socket • Glenoid fossa & labrum with Humeral Head • 3 Major Ligaments: • Coracohumeral - coracoid to greater tubercle (strong) • 3 GH bands - thickenings of articular capsule • Transverse Humeral - greater to lesser tubercle Glenohumeral Stability • Glenoid Cavity (shallow) • Glenoid labrum (soft cartilaginous rim that adds depth and stability) GH Joint Support • Capsule • Ligaments • Anterior – Glenohumeral • Superior Coracohumeral • Coracoacromial arch • Bursae • Subacromial • Subdeltoid • Subscapular bursa Coracohumeral ligament Glenohumeral ligaments Glenohumeral Stability • Anterior Capsule • Posterior Capsule • Glenohumeral ligaments • Superior • Middle • Inferior GH Movements • Sacrifices stability for mobility • • • • • • Flexion Extension Abduction Adduction Internal Rotation External Rotation Upper Arm & Shoulder Muscles deltoid brachialis triceps brachii teres major teres minor supraspinatus infraspinatus teres minor Rotator Cuff Muscles subscapularis
