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SPECIAL SENSES: VISION MARTINI, FUNDAMENTALS OF ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY, 8TH EDITION, CHAPTER # 17 Exercise # 21 NOTE: THIS IS A STUDY GUIDE, NOT AN ALL INCLUSIVE REVIEW. THERE MIGHT BE THINGS NOT COVERED BY THIS STUDY GUIDE THAT MIGHT BE ASKED IN YOUR PRACTICUMS / QUIZZES. STUDENTS ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR READING THEIR TEXBOOK (S) AND FOR ALL THE MATERIAL COVERED DURING THE LABORATORY PERIOD, AS PER THE COURSE SYLLABUS 5/24/2017 2 OBJECTIVES Identifying the structures of the eye and describe their functions. 5/24/2017 3 VISION Accessory structures of the eye Eyeball Aqueous humor Scleral venous sinus Vitreous humor or body 5/24/2017 4 ACCESSORY STRUCTURES OF THE EYES: MUSCLES MUSCLE ACTION SUPERIOR RECTUS EYE LOOKS UP INFERIOR RECTUS EYE LOOKS DOWN LATERAL RECTUS EYE ROTATES LATERALLY MEDIAL RECTUS EYE ROTATES MEDIALLY SUPERIOR OBLIQUE EYE ROLLS, LOOKS DOWN & TO THE SIDE INFERIOR OBLIQUE EYE ROLLS, LOOKS UP & TO THE SIDE 5/24/2017 ALFONSO A. PINO. MD. 6 5/24/2017 ALFONSO A. PINO. MD. 7 ACCESSORY STRUCTURES: GLANDS Lacrimal gland- tear production Lacrimal sac- collect tears & send them to the nasolacrimal duct Nasolacrimal duct- to drain excess of tears to the nasal cavity 5/24/2017 8 5/24/2017 ALFONSO A. PINO. MD. 9 EYEBALL: COATS Cornea (clear outer part)- it allows the light to come in Sclera (white part)- it protects & gives the shape to the eyes Choroids - to nourish &to absorb excess of light Ciliary body- to contain the ciliary muscle and ciliary process Suspensory ligament- it holds the lens in place Iris (part with color)- to control the size of pupil Pupil (hole)- it lets the light to go inside Retina- it contains photoreceptors Ganglion cells (their axons form the optic nerve)-they carry visual info Bipolar cells-to connect the ganglion cells to the photoreceptors Photoreceptors- to capture the light Rods- night, white & black vision Cones- bright & color vision Optic disc (blind spot)- area without photoreceptors where the optic nerve goes out Macula lutea- it contains high concentration of cones (yellow spot) Fovea centralis (inside the macula lutea)To give sharpest vision 5/24/2017 11 5/24/2017 ALFONSO A. PINO. MD. 12 5/24/2017 ALFONSO A. PINO. MD. 13 5/24/2017 ALFONSO A. PINO. MD. 14 5/24/2017 ALFONSO A. PINO. MD. 15 5/24/2017 ALFONSO A. PINO. MD. 16 Lens- to focus the light Cavities Anterior cavity- it contains the aqueous humor Anterior chamber (space between the cornea & Iris)- it contains aqueous humor Posterior chamber (between iris & lens)- it also contains aqueous humor Posterior cavity (area behind the lens)it contains vitreous humor 5/24/2017 17 5/24/2017 ALFONSO A. PINO. MD. 18 AQUEOUS HUMOR, SCLERAL VENOUS SINUS & VITREOUS HUMOR Aqueous humor- to nourish the lens & the cornea Because they do not have blood vessels Sclera venous sinus (canal of schelmm)- to drain the aqueous humor. Important- if obstruction = glaucoma = blindness Vitreous humor- it maintains the shape of the lens & prevents collapse 5/24/2017 19 REMEMBER! GO TO THE TUTORING ROMM AND PRACTICE WITH MODELS. ROMM 3326. 5/24/2017 20