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THE SKELETAL SYSTEM FUNCTIONS OF THE SKELETAL SYSTEM • Provides support to hold us erect. • Allows for movement along with the muscles. • Protects the organs • Formation of red blood cells (hematopoeisis) • Stores minerals such as calcium BONES ARE CLASSIFIED ACCORDING TO THEIR SHAPE • • • • LONG SHORT FLAT IRREGULAR BONE COMPOSITION • • • • Bone tissue Cells Fibers(collagen) Matrix Material (calcium salts) BONE COMPOSITION • 2/3 of living bone is inorganic referring to calcium salts that makes bone hard • 1/3 of living bone is organic referring to the cells and fibers FLAT BONE • 2 layers of compact bone surrounding a layer of spongy bone. • Trabeculae Spicules • Red Bone Marrow • Periosteum LONG BONES • • • • • • • Epiphysis Dyaphysis Metaphysis Medullary canal Yellow bone marrow Articular cartilage Nutritive Foramen SKELETAL DIVISIONS • AXIAL SKELETON • APPENDICULAR SKELETON AXIAL SKELETON • SKULL/FACE • RIBS/STERNUM • VERTEBRAL COLUMN • 80 bones APPENDICULAR SKELETON • PECTORAL GIRDLE • PELVIC GIRDLE AXIAL SKELETON • Craniuma. Frontal b. Parietals c. Occipital d. Temporals e. Ethnoid f. Sphenoid AXIAL SKELETON • FACIAL BONES a. b. c. d. e. f. Nasal Orbitals Zygomatics Maxilla Mandible Hyoid AXIAL SKELETON • VERTEBRAL COLUMN a. Cervicals (7) atlas/axis b. Thoracics (12) c. Lumbars (5) d. Sacrum e. Coccyx f. Ribs g. Sternum (manubrium, body, xyphoid process) APPENDICULAR SKELETON • Pectoral Girdle/Arms a. Clavicle b. Scapula c. Humerus d. Radius e. Ulna f. Carpals g. Metacarpals h. Phallanges APPENDICULAR SKELETON • PELVIC GIRDLE a. Ilium b. Ischium c. Pubic (pubic symphosis) d. Femur e. Patella f. Tibia g. Fibula h. Tarsals i. Metatarsals j. Phallanges k. Calcaneous ANATOMICAL TERMS • • • • • • • • • • • Anatomical Position Prone Supine Caudal Cephalic Dorsal Ventral Proximal Distal Medial Lateral • • • • • • • • • • • Superior Inferior External Internal Deep Superficial Abduction Adduction Flexion Extension Rotation Continued • • • • • • • • Foramen Foramen Magnum Fossa Fontanel Arm Forearm Thigh Leg OSSIFICATION • Ossification • Oste• Osteoblast FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE BONE DEVELOPMENT • • • • Supply of minerals Vitamin D Vitamin C Parathyroid Hormone • Thyrocalcitonin Hormone DISORDERS OF THE SKELETON • KYPHOSIS • LORDOSIS • SCOLIOSIS DISORDERS OF THE SKELETON • RICKETS • SCURVY DISORDERS OF THE SKELETON • OSTEOPOROSIS • OSTEOMALACIA • FOP DISORDERS OF THE SKELETON • DISLOCATION • SIMPLE FRACTURE • COMPOUND FRACTURE REPAIRS TO THE SKELETON • ARTHROPLASTY • ARTHROSCOPIC SURGERY JOINT • SUTURES • SYNOVIAL JOINT • SYNOVIAL FLUID
