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Exploring Creation through General Science Module 11 Notes Things to know One important fact about Biology – there is NO such thing as a simple life form Skeletal muscles are voluntary (we can control) Smooth muscles are involuntary (automatic, we can’t control) Types to joints: Hinge joint – limited range of motion but VERY stable (i.e. elbows and knees) Ball-and-socket – wide range of motion, less stable (i.e. hips and shoulders) Saddle joint- medium range of motion (i.e. ankle) Washer joint – allow to bend and twist (i.e. only in backbone) **larger range of motion, the less stable the joint Plants Phototropism – plants grow towards the light Good bacteria and fungi Not all bacteria is bad Some produce acid, which can be used to kill pathogenic bacteria and fungi Skin is a food source for these bacteria and fungi, in our sweat In turn they produce lactic acid on our skin Kingdom of Animalia classifications: Mammal – have skin that makes hair, give birth to live young, nourish young with milk that they produce, and have hearts with 4 chambers Bird – skin produces feathers (some fly, some do not) Fish/reptile – skin produces scales Arthropod – skin is an exoskeleton 1 Amphibians – breathe through their skin Vocabulary to memorize: Axial skeleton – the portion of the skeleton that supports and protects the head, neck and trunk Appendicular skeleton – the portion of the skeleton that attaches the axial skeleton and has the limbs attached to it Exoskeleton – a body covering, typically made of a tough, flexible substance called chitin, that provides support and protection Symbiosis – two or more different organisms living together so that each benefits from the other Vocabulary to know: Bone marrow – produces the cells that are in your blood Keratinization – process of hardening of cells to form hair, nails, and outer layer of your skin Collagen – makes bones more flexible, made of flexible rubbery substance Minerals – make bones hard through chemicals containing calcium Arthropods – animals with exoskeletons Tendon – at end of muscle and attaches to skeleton Cartilage – cover bones in a joint, all to rub without damage 2