Download Chapter 1 Introduction to Anatomy

Chapter 1
Introduction to Anatomy
Anatomical position
• To avoid confusion
among medical
professional an
anatomical position
has been
established. It is an
erect stance with
arms to the side
palms facing forward
and head forward.
Anatomical planes
Medical term for locations
• Anterior-refers to the
front of the body
• Posterior refers to the
back of the body
Medial and Lateral
Medial-closer to the
midline
M
Lateral-away for the
midline
M
L
L
Proximal
*Towards an attachment
Ex. Shoulder is
proximal to the elbow
Ex. Hip is proximal to
the knee
Distal
*Away for the attachment
Cranial/Superior
Closer
To Head
Caudal/Inferior
•Closer to feet
•Lower part
of body
Movements
•Flexion( ) -bending
of hinge joint
•Extension( / )straightening of hinge
joint
•Abduction( Abd)-Away
from the midline
•Adduction (Add)toward the midline
Pronation(pron)- palm
down for wrist
Inward lean of forefoot
for ankle
•Supination(sup)-palm
up for wrist
•Outward lean of
forefoot for ankle
•Inversion(Inv)sole is inward
•Eversion(Ev)sole is outward
• Protraction
(protract)shoulders
forward
• Retraction(retract
-shoulders back
• Internal rotation(Int. R)rotating
toward the body
External rotation
(Ext.R)-rotating
away from the
body
Circumduction(circum.)
• Happens at
the ball and
socket joint
and
encompasses
several
movements.
Plantarflexion(PF)pointing ankle
Dorsiflexion(DF)-ankle up
Lateral flexion-to the side
Horizontal Abduction and
Horizontal Adduction
HORIZONTAL ADDUCTION
HORIZONTAL ABDUCTION