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BIOL 232 - Additional Abbreviated
Slides Useful for Exam #2
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Figure 7.38 Different growth rates of body parts determine body proportions.
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Sir John Charnley – doctor who
pioneered the use of artificial joints in the
early 1960s.
Fibrous Joints – joints that are created
via fibrous connective tissues that are
going to allow virtually no
movement.
Figure 8.1a Fibrous joints.
(a)
Suture
Joint held together with very short,
interconnecting fibers, and bone edges
interlock. Found only in the skull.
Suture
line
Dense
fibrous
connective
tissue
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Figure 8.1b Fibrous joints.
(b)
Syndesmosis
Joint held together by a ligament.
Fibrous tissue can vary in length, but
is longer than in sutures.
Fibula
Tibia
Ligament
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Figure 8.1c Fibrous joints.
(c)
Gomphosis
“Peg in socket” fibrous joint. Periodontal
ligament holds tooth in socket.
Socket of
alveolar
process
Root of
tooth
Periodontal
ligament
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Braces & Retainers….. Associated With
Gomphosis Joints
Cartilaginous Joints – joints that
are created via cartilage these
joints allow a small amount of
movement.
Figure 8.2a Cartilaginous joints.
(a)
Synchondroses
Bones united by hyaline cartilage
Epiphyseal
plate (temporary
hyaline cartilage
joint)
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Sternum
(manubrium)
Joint between
first rib and
sternum
(immovable)
Figure 8.2b Cartilaginous joints.
(b)
Symphyses
Bones united by fibrocartilage
Body of vertebra
Fibrocartilaginous
intervertebral
disc
Hyaline cartilage
Pubic symphysis
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Figure 8.3 General structure of a synovial joint.
Ligament
Joint cavity
(contains
synovial fluid)
Articular (hyaline)
cartilage
Fibrous
capsule
Articular
Synovial
capsule
membrane
Periosteum
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Figure 8.3
Figure 8.4 Bursae and tendon sheaths.
Coracoacromial
ligament
Acromion
of scapula
Subacromial
bursa
Coracoacromial
ligament
Subacromial
bursa
Joint cavity
containing
synovial fluid
Fibrous
articular capsule
Hyaline
cartilage
Tendon
sheath
Cavity in
bursa containing
synovial fluid
Humerus resting
Bursa rolls
and lessens
friction.
Synovial
membrane
Tendon of
long head
of biceps
brachii muscle
Fibrous
capsule
Humerus
(a) Frontal section through the right shoulder joint
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Humerus head
rolls medially as
arm abducts.
Humerus moving
(b) Enlargement of (a), showing how a bursa eliminates friction
where a ligament (or other structure) would rub against a bone
Figure 8.7a–c
Figure 8.7d
Figure 8.13a The temporomandibular (jaw) joint.
Mandibular fossa
Articular tubercle
Zygomatic process
Infratemporal fossa
External
acoustic
meatus
Lateral
ligament
Articular
capsule
Ramus of
mandible
(a) Location of the joint in the skull
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Figure 8.13c The temporomandibular (jaw) joint.
Superior view
Outline of
the mandibular
fossa
(c)Lateral excursion: lateral (side-to-side) movements of the
mandible
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Figure 8.15 X ray of a hand deformed by rheumatoid arthritis.
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Figure 7.15 Paranasal sinuses.
Frontal
sinus
Ethmoidal
air cells
(sinus)
Sphenoid
sinus
Maxillary
sinus
(a) Anterior aspect
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(b) Medial aspect
Frontal
sinus
Ethmoidal
air cells
Sphenoid
sinus
Maxillary
sinus
Typical Male
Typical Female
Averages based
upon similar weight
and height
.
Table 7.4 Comparison of the Male and Female Pelves (1 of 3)
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