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Download JOINTS JOINTS AND THEIR CLASSIFICATION BONY JOINT
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11/13/2011 JOINTS JOINTS AND THEIR CLASSIFICATION Arthrology = study of the joints Kinesiology = study of musculoskeletal movement Classified by freedom of movement Joints and their classification bony joints joints cartilaginous joints fibrous Synovial joints diarthrosis (freely movable) (slightly movable) synarthrosis (little or no movement) amphiarthrosis Classified how adjacent bones are joined fibrous, cartilaginous, bony or synovial 7-1 BONY JOINT (SYNOSTOSIS) 7-2 FIBROUS JOINTS (SYNARTHROSIS) Gap between two bones ossifies frontal and mandibular bones in infants cranial i l sutures t iin elderly ld l attachment of first rib and sternum Collagen fibers span the space between bones sutures, gomphoses h and d syndesmoses d Can occur in either fibrous or cartilaginous joint 7-3 FIBROUS JOINT -- SUTURES 7-4 FIBROUS JOINT -- GOMPHOSES Immovable fibrous joints bind skull bones together Serrate - interlocking lines coronal,, sagittal and lambdoid g sutures Lap - overlapping beveled edges temporal and parietal bones Plane - straight, nonoverlapping edges palatine processes of the maxillae Attachment of a tooth to its socket Held in place by fibrous periodontal g ligament collagen 7-5 fibers attach tooth to jawbone Some movement while chewing 7-6 1 11/13/2011 FIBROUS JOINT -- SYNDESMOSIS CARTILAGINOUS JOINT -- SYNCHONDROSIS Two bones bound by ligament only interosseus membrane Bones are joined by hyaline cartilage rib attachment to sternum plate in children binds p epiphysis and diaphysis epiphyseal pp y Most movable of fibrous joints Interosseus membranes unite radius to ulna and tibia to fibula 7-7 SYNOVIAL JOINT CARTILAGINOUS JOINT -- SYMPHYSIS 2 bones joined by fibrocartilage Only slight amount of movement is possible pubic 7-8 symphysis and intervertebral discs Joint in which two bones are separated by a space called a joint cavity Most are freely movable 7-9 TENDON SHEATHS AND BURSAE GENERAL ANATOMY Articular capsule encloses joint cavity continuous with periosteum lined by synovial membrane Synovial fluid = slippery fluid; feeds cartilages Articular cartilage = hyaline cartilage covering the joint surfaces Articular discs and menisci 7-10 jaw, wrist, sternoclavicular and knee joints absorbs shock, guides bone movements and distributes forces Tendon attaches muscle to bone Ligament attaches bone to bone Bursa = saclike extension of joint capsule Tendon sheaths = cylinders of connective tissue lined with synovial membrane and wrapped around a tendon 7-11 between nearby structures so slide more easily past each other 7-12 2 11/13/2011 TYPES OF SYNOVIAL JOINTS RANGE OF MOTION Degrees through which a joint can move Determined by structure strength of the articular surfaces and tautness of ligaments, tendons and capsule stretching of ligaments increases range of motion people have long or slack ligaments double-jointed action of the muscles and tendons nervous system monitors joint position and muscle tone 7-13 7-14 3
