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Body Planes, Directions, and Cavities JAMES VALLEY VOCATIONAL TECHNICAL CENTER Objectives • Label a diagram of the three planes of the body with the names of the planes and the directional terms created by these planes • Label a diagram of the main body cavities Objectives Cont…. • Identify the main organs located in each body cavity • Locate the four quadrants and the nine abdominal regions • Define, pronounce, and spell all of the key terms Body Planes: • Definition = imaginary lines drawn through the body to separate the body into sections Transverse Plane: Horizontal plane dividing the body into a top and bottom half 1. Superior = body parts above other parts 2. Inferior = body parts below other parts 3. Cranial = body parts near the head 4. Caudal = body parts located near the sacral region of the spinal column (or near the tail bone) Median Plane: Divides the body into right and left sides 1. Medial = body parts located near the middle or midline of the body 2. Lateral = body parts located away from the midline or middle of the body Frontal Plane: Divides the body into front and back section. 1. Anterior = body parts on the front of the body 2. Posterior = body parts on the back of the body • Proximal = body parts close to the point of reference • Distal = body parts away from the point of reference Body Cavities: Spaces within the body which contain vital organs Posterior Cavity: One long continuous cavity that is located on the back of the body, divided into two sections 1. Cranial Cavity = contains the brain 2. Spinal Cavity = contains the spinal cord Anterior Cavities: Larger and separated into two distinct cavities by a dome-shaped muscle called the diaphragm, which is important for breathing 1. Thoracic Cavity = located in the chest, contains the heart, lungs, and the large blood vessels 2. Abdominal Cavity = divided into upper and lower parts Upper part contains the stomach, small intestines, most of the large intestines, liver, gallbladder, pancreas and spleen 3. Pelvic Cavity = lower abdominal cavity containing urinary bladder, the reproductive organs, and last part of the large intestines Abdominal Regions: Quadrants 1. 2. 3. 4. Right Upper Quadrant (RUQ) Left Upper Quadrant (LUQ) Right Lower Quadrant (RLQ) Left Lower Quadrant (LLQ) Abdominal Regions: • • • • • • Epigastric Umbilical Pelvic Hypochondriac Lateral Inguinal