Download 5.2 Axial Skeleton - Freeman Public Schools

PowerPoint® Lecture Slide Presentation
by Patty Bostwick-Taylor,
Florence-Darlington Technical College
The Axial
Skeletal System
5
PART B
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Skeletal System
 206 Bones in body
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Table 07.01
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The Axial Skeleton
 Forms the longitudinal axis of the body
 Divided into three parts
 Skull
 Vertebral column
 Bony thorax
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The Axial Skeleton
Figure 5.6a
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The Axial Skeleton
Figure 5.6b
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The Skull
 Two sets of bones
 Cranium
 Facial bones
 Bones are joined by sutures
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Cranial Bones
 Frontal Bone- makes up forehead
 Supraorbital Forament- holes above eyes
 Occipital Bone- back of head
 Occipital chondyles- connect head to cervical
vertebrae
 Foramen Magnum- hole for brain stem
 Parietal Bones
 Bones on each side of the head
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Human Skull, Anterior View
Figure 5.11
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Human Skull, Inferior View
Figure 5.9
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Human Skull, Lateral View
Figure 5.7
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Cranial Bones
 Temporal Bone
 Skull bone by ears
 Mastoid process- bump below ear
 Mastoiditis- inflammation of air spaces
of mastoid process
 External Auditory (or Acoustic) Meatus- ear
 Zygomatic Process- connects cheek bone to
temporal bone
 Styloid Process- projection inferior to external
auditory meatus
 Carotid Canal- where carotid artery runs
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Human Skull, Lateral View
Figure 5.7
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Cranial Bones
 Sphenoid Bone
 Bat or butterfly
 Acts as a brace for the skull
 Greater Wing
 Lesser Wing
 Sella turcica- where pituitary gland sits
 Foramen Ovale- hole for cranial nerve 5 to
pass to chewing muscle of the lower jaw
 Optical Canal- allows optic nerve to pass to
eye
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Sphenoid Bone
 Superior Orbital Fissure- cranial nerve controlling
eye movements to pass through
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Sphenoid Bone
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Human Skull, Superior View
Figure 5.8
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Human Skull, Inferior View
Figure 5.9
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Cranial Bones
 Ethmoid Bone- makes up eye and nose
 Cristi gali- hook of ethmoid that holds the
menenges in place
 Cribiform plate- separates nasal and oral
cavity
 Holes for nerves to reach the brain
 Makes up part of superior and middle conchae
(nasal walls)
 Perpendicular plate
 Divides nose into right and left
 Deviated septum
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Human Skull, Anterior View
Figure 5.11
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Human Skull, Lateral View
Figure 5.7
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Facial Bones
 Only mandible and vomer are single bones
 Lacrimal bone- just inside eye
 Has tear ducts
 Mandible-jaw
 Largest and strongest bone in face
 Only moveable joint in face
 Alveolar Processes-hold teeth in
 Chondyloid or Chondyler process- posterior
part of jaw that connects to temporal bone
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Facial Bones
 Mandible
 Coronoid Process- anterior part of jaw that
connects to temporal bone
 Mental foramen- for nerves that carry info
from lips and chin
 Mandibular Foramen- nerves for lower
teeth
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Facial Bones
 Maxillary or Maxilla
 Fuse to form upper jaw
 Alveolar processes- bones for teeth
 Infraorbital foramen- holes below eyes
 Palatine process- forms the anterior portion of
the hard palate
 Nasal Bones- forms bridge of nose
 Palatine bones- make up the palate
 Vomer- makes up bottom part of septum
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Facial Bones
 Zygomatic Bones- cheek bones
 Hyoid Bone-
 Only bone that doesn’t articulate with another
bone
 Serves as a base for the tongue
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The Hyoid Bone
Figure 5.12
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Sutures
 Immoveable joints between skull bones
 Saggital suture- connects two parietals
 Coronal- connects frontal and two parietals
 Lambdoidal- connects parietals to occipital
 Squamous- connects temporal to parietal
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Sutures
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Paranasal Sinuses
 Hollow portions of bones surrounding the nasal
cavity
 Functions of paranasal sinuses
 Lighten the skull
 Give resonance and amplification to voice
 Four bones with sinuses
 Frontal
 Maxillary
 Sphenoid
 Ethmoid
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Paranasal Sinuses
Figure 5.10a
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Paranasal Sinuses
Figure 5.10b
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The Fetal Skull
 The fetal skull is large compared to the infant’s
total body length
 Fontanels—fibrous membranes connecting the
cranial bones
 Allow the brain to grow
 Convert to bone within 24 months after birth
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The Fetal Skull
Figure 5.13a
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The Fetal Skull
Figure 5.13b
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