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Renaissance Theatres and verse Shakespeare’s life • What we know about Shakespeare comes from church documents and legal records. – Some documents that we have are baptismal registration, marriage license, and records of real estate transactions. • • • • Shakespeare was the 3rd of eight children Shakespeare was born April 23, 1564. Shakespeare was born in Stratford Shakespeare’s dad was a shoemaker and sometimes served as a justice of the peace • Shakespeare died April 23, 1616. Family Life • William Shakespeare married Ann Hathaway in 1582 and had 3 children • Susanna (1583) • Judith (1585) • Hamnet (1585-died as a child) He left Stratford and was working in London by 1590. He worked in London for the next 20+ years. • When his theatre burned down in 1613, he returned to Stratford and finished his life there. Shakespeare’s home Shakespeare family tree • Shakespeare died on his birthday April 23, 1616 (he was 52 years old) • He is buried under the old stone floor of Holy Trinity Church in Stratford • The following is carved on his tombstone – “Good friend, for Jesus sake forbear to dig the dust enclosed here. Blessed be the man that spares these stones and cursed be he that moves my bones.” Shakespeare’s Professional Life • Shakespeare was an actor • By 1594, he was a charter member of the theatrical company called Lord Chamberlains Men, which later become The Kings Men. • The Kings Men were supported by King James • Romeo and Juliet was among the early plays of Shakespeare • The play was written between 1594 and 1596 • By 1612, Shakespeare had written 37 plays Theatres – Public Theatres • Primary playing spaces for theatre companies – James Burbage built the 1st one in 1576 called The Theatre – Burbages’ sons built the Globe in 1599 – Other theatres followed: The Swam, The Rose • • • • seated between 1500-3000 people pit, boxes and galleries raised stages with trap doors Tiring house (similar to the Greek skene) – It was on one of these tiers that the “balcony scene” would be played – Private Theatres • • • • • Indoor theatre Seated about 500 patrons More expensive Lit by candlelight • Acting companies played where they could find a spot. – Not all actors or acting companies had access to a theatre • Usually this would be in the courtyards of inns James Burbage’s theatre The Globe Theatre Rebuilt Globe Theatre Acting • Acting was not considered a respectable profession by the English Puritans • All women’s parts were played by boys – Women did not enter the theater until much later. – Juliet would have been played by a boy. • Acting Companies – Acting companies had about 25 members – Plays were produced in rep • Short rehearsal periods – Actors were paid based on the success of the theatre • Shareholders- shared in profits of theatre • Hirelings- hired per piece • Apprentices Stage • The stage protruded into the audience • Little scenery – SPOKEN scenery Inigo Jones (1573-1652) • Prominent scene designer VERSE • Blank verse- unrhymed iambic pentamenter • Rhythm was very important and mainly resulted from patterns of stressed and unstressed syllables • The pattern of stresses is METER • Meter is made up of FEET Types of Feet • Iamb- unaccented followed by an accented – weak / strong • Trochee- accented followed by an unaccented – strong/ weak • Anapest- unaccented, unaccented, accented – weak/ weak/ strong Cont. • Dactyl- accented, unaccented, unaccented – strong/ weak/ weak • Spondee- accented, accented – strong/ strong • Pyrrhic- unaccented, unaccented – weak/ weak Vocabulary • Feminine ending- consists of an extra unaccented syllable at the end of the line • Caesura- brief pause within a line • Scan- analyze the rhythm of a line • Folio – printed corrected version of plagiarized scripts • Quarto- name of paper people used to take notes to plagiarize plays