Download Food in Ancient Greece - 09-10-HHS

Grεεκ εrα
Βψ: Miriαm Barquεrα, Lαurα
εscαlαntε, Mαdison Ridlεhubεr
Thεαtre History
Many people have misconceptions about the ancient Greek
theatre. When ancient Greek theatre is referenced to, it
normally means Greek theatre in Athens during the fifth
century BCE. These early dramas did more that act a
story. These were stylized dramas with meanings behind
the obvious. Understanding a Greek play is only possible if
the symbolic significance of the actions, actors, and stage
is revealed. Ancient Greek theatre was a "... mixture of
myth, legend, philosophy, social commentary, poetry,
dance, music, public participation, and visual splendor."
Thεαtre History Pt. 2
Athenians had an annual fertility festival
in March with one week of public wine
drinking and phallus, penis worshiping
religious orgy. Their religious rite was
performed as a dithyrambos, an ancient
dance and chant to the fertility god,
normally performed while drunk. It was
performed outside in bowl-like craters.
This festival celebrated the birth of the
wine god, Dionysus and the great grapes
that made the wine. This festival was
performed yearly at four tribal festivals,
called an orgia. It was also called the
"Festival of the Wine Jugs" and "Old
Dionysia," as stated by Cohen. The
religious rites for these ceremonies were
eventually written down in verse form
and later became plays.
Thεαtre History Pt.3
An ancient Greek play consisted
of three major parts. The play
began with a prologue, a simple
speech. Then, there was the
entrance of the chorus. Finally,
there were major episodes,
scenes or acts, of the play. There
were two major types of Greek
plays. There was tragedy, which
was derived from the word tragos
and means goat. The other one
was comedy, which was derived
from the word odé and means
song. A tragedy received its name
from how it was performed. A
tragedy had actors who wore
goatskins and danced like goats.
The best performers were given a
kid goat at a prize.
Costumes
The actors in ancient Greek theatre also have a symbolic
significance in a Greek production. When Greek theatre began in a
dithyrambous, there were no actors. The poet Thespis was the first to
use actors; Aeschylos was the second, and Sophocles was the third.
They originally called them hypocrit. The hypocrits were the leading
characters. Those in the orchestra were the followers, most
commonly know as the chorus. The hypocrits were always men.
Female roles were played by males before they hit puberty and
before their voices changed. The costumes in the ancient Greek
theatre also have a symbolic significance in the way the production is
understood. Since the hypocrits were all male, it was necessary to
make them look female for female roles.
Costumes Pt. 2
The costumes in the ancient
Greek theatre also have a
symbolic significance in the
way the production is
understood. Since the
hypocrits were all male, it was
necessary to make them look
female for female roles. "In
order to have a female
appearance, they were playing
wearing the ‘prosterniad’
before the chest and the
‘progastrida’ before the belly.
In order to look taller and more
impressive they were wearing
‘cothornous’ (wooden shoes
with tall heels)"
Costumes Pt. 3
Costumes have been a
very important factor of
the production, because
they could determine the
characters by gender or
social status. In the early
productions actors have
been using body painting.
Little by little they started
using animal skins, ears,
even feathers.
Playwright
•
The story of Oedipus was
well known to Sophocles’
audience. Oedipus arrives
at Thebes a stranger and
finds the town under the
curse of the Sphinx, who
will not free the city unless
her riddle is answered.
Oedipus solves the riddle
and, since the king has
recently been murdered,
becomes the king and
marries the queen. In time,
he comes to learn that he
is actually a Theban, the
king’s son, cast out of
Thebes as a baby. He has
killed his father and
married his mother.
Horrified, he blinds himself
and leaves Thebes
forever.
Playwright Pt. 2
• The story was not
invented by
Sophocles. Quite the
opposite: the play’s
most powerful effects
often depend on the
fact that the audience
already knows the
story. Since the first
performance of
Oedipus Rex, the story
has fascinated critics
just as it fascinated
Sophocles.
Playwright Pt. 3
•
Aristotle used this play and its
plot as the supreme example of
tragedy. Sigmund Freud
famously based his theory of
the “Oedipal Complex” on this
story, claiming that every boy
has a latent desire to kill his
father and sleep with his
mother. The story of Oedipus
has given birth to innumerable
fascinating variations, but we
should not forget that this play
is one of the variations, not the
original story itself.
Food
•
•
Most meals were enjoyed in a
courtyard near the home. Greek
cooking equipment was small and
light and could easily be set up
there. On bright, sunny days, the
women probably sheltered under a
covered area of their courtyard, as
the ancient Greeks believed a pale
complexion was a sign of beauty.
Food in Ancient Greece consisted
of grains, figs, wheat to make
bread, barley, fruit, vegetables,
breads, and cake. People in
Ancient Greece also ate grapes,
seafood of all kinds, and drank
wine.
Food Pt.2
•
•
Regardless of whether or
not they were rich or
poor, the cornerstone of
the cuisine focused on
three items. These are
wine, wheat in the form
of barley or millet, and
olive oil.
The Greek, to begin with,
never ate meat unless it
had been sacrificed to a
god, or had been hunted
in the wild. They believed
that it was wrong to kill
and eat a tame,
domesticated animal
without sacrificing it to
the gods.
Food Pt.3
• The food of Greek
today consists of
hommus dip, greek
gyros, chicken
oreganato,
spanakopita, tiropita,
greek salad (including
feta & olives), and pita
bread .
Grεεκ Gods & Goddesses
•
Zeus - King of the Gods
Hera - Queen of the Gods
Aphrodite - goddess of love and beauty
Apollo - god of light, truth, healing, archery,
music, poetry
Ares - god of war
Artemis - goddess of hunt, moon, children
Athena - goddess of wisdom, war,
patriotism and good citizenship
Demeter - goddess of grain, agriculture,
fertility
Dionysus - god of wine, vegetation, and
theater
Hades - god of the underworld
Hephaestus - god of forge and fire
Hermes - messenger of the gods, god of
motion, travelers, commerce, thieves, and
sheep
Hestia - goddess of the hearth and home
Poseidon - god of the sea, earthquakes,
and horses
•
Grεεκ Mythology
The concepts of soulmates arose from
Greek mythology. According to the story,
our ancestors once had 2 heads, 4 arms.
They did something to offend a god so that
god punished them by splitting them down
the middle, resulting in the creation of
humans. As a punishment, we are
condemned to spend our lives searching
for the other half, our soulmates.
•The medusa was an ugly creature. Let's have a look at
how she came into existance, for she wasn't always that
ugly... Again, the Gods played their role. The Medusa was
the daughter of Phorkys and Keto, the children of Gaia
(Earth) and Okeanos (Ocean). She was one of the three
sisters known as the Gorgons. The other two sisters were
Sthenno and Euryale. Medusa was the only mortal out of
the three. She was once very beautiful and lived far in the
north were the sun didn't visit. Being very curious, she
wanted to see the sun, and asked the Goddess Athena for
permission to visit the south. Athena refused to allow her to
visit. The medusa got angry and dared to say that Athena
hadn't given her permission because she was jealous of her
beauty. that was it! Athena was angered and punished her
by turning her hair into snakes and cursing her by making
her so ugly that who ever looks at her eyes would turn into
stone.
Sources
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<http://www.greektheatre.gr/costumes.html>.
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<http://historylink102.com/greece3/food.htm>.
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<http://www.bellaonline.com/articles/art50537.asp>.
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