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Section 2 Warm Up 1.Open your notebook to your virtual lab 2.Sit quietly Section 1 The Outer Planets Notes Section The Outer Planets 3 Jupiter • The largest and fifth planet from the Sun is Jupiter. • It is composed mostly of hydrogen and helium. • Continuous storms of swirling, high-pressure gas have been observed on Jupiter. • The Great Red Spot is the most spectacular of these storms. Section 3 The Outer Planets The Voyager Probes and Galileo • In 1979, Voyager1 and Voyager 2 flew past Jupiter, and the Galileo space probe reached Jupiter in 1995. • The major discoveries of these probes include information about the composition and motion of Jupiter’s atmosphere, characteristics of some of its moons and the discovery of new moons and faint rings. Section 3 The Outer Planets Jupiter’s Moons • Jupiter has 63 known moons. Many are small, rocky bodies that could be captured asteroids. • Four are large enough to be considered small planets. Called Galilean moons. They are called Io, Europa, Ganymede, and Callisto. • NASA scientists believe liquid water exists beneath Europa, Ganymede, and Callisto’s surfaces. Section 3 The Outer Planets Jupiter’s Moons • Ganymede is larger than the planet Mercury and is the largest moon in the solar system. • Io is under a constant tug-of-war between the gravities of Jupiter and Europa which heats up the interior of Io and causes it to be the most volcanically active body in the solar system. • Europa is ice-covered. Section The Outer Planets 3 Saturn • Saturn is the sixth planet from the Sun and has the largest and most complex ring system of any outer planet. • Saturn is a large planet with a thick outer atmosphere composed of hydrogen mostly and helium with some ammonia, methane, and water vapor. Section 3 The Outer Planets Saturn’s Rings • Saturn’s rings are composed of billions of ice and rock particles ranging in size from a speck of dust to tens of meters across. • The ring system is over 280,000 km wide and only 1 km thick. Section 3 The Outer Planets Cassini-Huygens • The Cassini-Huygens spacecraft approached Saturn in 2004 to collect data about Saturn, its ring system and many moons. • In January 2005, Huygens passed by Saturn’s largest moon Titan in search of hydrocarbons. Section The Outer Planets 3 Uranus • Uranus is the seventh planet from the Sun. • It is four times larger than Earth with 27 moons. • The atmosphere of Uranus contains hydrogen, helium, and about two percent methane. • The methane gives the planet its blue-green color. • Uranus’s axis of rotation is tilted, so that it is nearly parallel to the plane of its orbit. Section The Outer Planets 3 Neptune • Neptune is the eighth planet from the Sun. • Neptune’s atmosphere is similar to that of Uranus, but has a little more methane—about 3 percent—causing it to look bluer. • Voyager 2 passed by Uranus in 1986 and Neptune in 1989, the only spacecraft to fly-by each planet. Section 3 The Outer Planets Dwarf Planets • In 2005, astronomers discovered Eris, an object beyond Pluto, that is larger than Pluto. • This discovery led to a change in the definition of a planet. • Pluto, Eris and a large asteroid named Ceres are now classified as dwarf planets. • Dwarf planets are nearly round objects in orbit around the Sun that are not satellites and have not cleared the debris in their orbits. Section 3 The Outer Planets Comets and Other Objects • A comet, is composed of dust and rock particles mixed with frozen water, methane, and ammonia. • As a comet approaches the Sun, it begins to vaporize. The vaporized dust and gases form a bright cloud called a coma around the nucleus. The solar wind pushes on the vaporized coma, forming a tail that always points away from the Sun. Section 3 The Outer Planets Comets and Other Objects • Most comets come from two places—a vast disk of icy comets called the Kuiper Belt near Neptune’s orbit and the Oort cloud. • Once in orbit around the Sun, comets reappear at predictable times. Section The Outer Planets 3 Asteroids • Rocky objects formed from material similar to that of the planets are called asteroids. • Most asteroids are found in a belt between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter. • Asteroids range in size from tiny particles to objects 500 km in diameter. Section The Outer Planets 3 Meteoroids • Sand-to-boulder sized objects within the solar system are called meteoroids. • Meteoroids may enter the atmosphere. • Most burn up completely and we see them as meteors or “shooting stars.” • Others do not burn completely and strike Earth. These are called meteorites. Section 3 Section Check Question 1 The fifth planet from the Sun is __________. A. Jupiter B. Neptune C. Saturn D. Pluto Section 3 Section Check Answer The answer is A. Jupiter is also the largest planet in the solar system. Section 3 Section Check Question 2 Which of Jupiter’s four largest moons most volcanically active object in the solar system? A. Callisto B. Europa C. Ganymede D. Io Section 3 Section Check Answer The answer is D. Jupiter exerts tremendous gravitational pull on Io. Section 3 Section Check Question 3 Which one of the following is NOT classified as a dwarf planet? A. Pluto B. Eris C. Ganymede D. Ceres Section 3 Section Check Answer The answer is C. Ganymede is one of Jupiter’s four largest moons. Section 3 Video http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SmyMQ_SdpNc&feature=related Section 3 End of Day Homework • Get grade report signed!!!!