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The Solar System The solar system • A solar system is a group of planets orbiting a central star. • The solar system contains a sun, 8 planets, 3 dwarf planets, and various moons and asteroids • In 2006 the International Astronomical Union decided to remove Pluto as a planet and create a new category after the discovery of an object bigger then Pluto The Sun • The Sun is the largest thing in the solar system • Its radius is the same as twice the distance from the earth to the moon • All the planets are bound to the sun by gravity Revolution and Rotation of the Planets • All the planets in the solar system revolve around the sun in a counterclockwise direction in slightly elliptical orbits (revolution) • All planets also spin about their axis in a counterclockwise direction* (rotation) Mercury • Closest planet to the sun. • 57.9 million km from the sun • Orbital period 88 days • Made of rock • Temperature -180 to 426 Celsius Venus • 108 million km from the sun • Orbital Period 224.7 days • Clockwise Rotation • Rocky surface with a thick atmosphere • Temp 470 degrees at surface Earth • • • • Only Planet to support life 150 million km from sun Orbital Period 365.26 days Temperature -85 to 58 degrees • Rocky core nitrogen oxygen atmosphere • One moon Mars • • • • 228 million km from sun Orbital period 687 days Half the size of Earth Temperature -120 to 30 degrees • Rocky Surface with a thin atmosphere • 2 moons Phobos and Deimos Jupiter • 778 million km from sun • Orbital Period 11.9 earth years • Gas giant made of hydrogen, helium, and methane. • Largest planet in the solar system • Temp -160 degrees • Failed star? Saturn • 1427 million km from sun • Orbital period 29.5 Earth years • Gas Giant made of hydrogen, helium, methane • Distinctive dust and ice rings • Temp -180 Degrees Uranus • Ok we all know the joke • 2870 million km from sun • 84.1 year orbit • Tilted on side? • Rotation opposite to other planets • Temperature -210 degrees Neptune • 4497 million km from the sun • Orbital period 164.8 years • Gas Giant • Thin rings • Temp -220 degrees Dwarf Planets • Adopted in 2006 • Dwarf planets are objects that – orbit the sun – have enough mass to become round – not large enough to have an impact on their area • There are currently 3 dwarf planets Eris, Pluto, and Ceres Eris • discovered in 2005 • goddess of discord and strife. • Mass 1.64×1022kg (bigger then Pluto) • Distance 37-97 au (beyond Pluto • 556. 7 year orbit • Moon: Dysnomia • Highly elipitcal orbit Pluto • 5900 million km from sun • 247.7 year orbital period • Much smaller then earth • rocky • One moon Charon • Temperature -220 Degrees Ceres • Smallest dwarf planet in the solar system • Located in the asteroid belt between mars and Jupiter • Distance from sun 2.5-2.9 au • Mass 9.46×1020 kg • Only 950 km across, smaller then the moon • Dawn mission probe to Ceres in 2015