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What makes up our solar system? Where is our solar system located? • In the Milky Way Galaxy about 2/3 of the way down on one of the arms • 1 star-Our Sun What were the earlier views of the solar system? • Geocentric vs. Heliocentric Geocentric • “Earth Centered Model” • Aristotle & Ptolemy believed that Earth was the center of the system of the planets • They thought everything revolved around us! Heliocentric • “Sun-Centered System” • Nicolaus Copernicus proposed the idea of that the sun was the center of the system • Galileo (100 years later) agreed with Copernicus’ idea – Discovered Venus went through phases like our moon – Discovered Jupiter’s moons revolved around it & not the Earth What keeps the planets in motion? • Gravity: attractive force between two objects • Inertia: tendency of an object to in motion/at rest to remain in motion/at rest until acted upon by an outside force • Discovered by Issac Newton What is an ellipse? • Ellipse: elongated circle or oval shaped • Johannes Kepler discovered that the planets had elliptical orbits not round! What is a rotation & orbital period? • Rotation period describes the time it takes the planet to spin around 1 time on its axis • Orbital period describes the time it takes the planet to revolve around the Sun 1 time Inner Planets • • • • Mercury Venus Earth Mars What do all of these planets have in common? • Small • Rocky • Orbit paths are close together Mercury • • • • 1st planet 36 million miles from the Sun 58 days rotation period 88 days orbital period Mercury Fun Facts • • • • Looks like “Our Moon” No atmosphere Extreme temperatures 700°F(Day) & -300°F(Night) Mercury SUPER Fact • Fastest orbiting planet at 29 miles per second Venus • • • • 2nd planet 67 million miles from the Sun 243 days rotation period 224 days orbital period Venus Fun Facts • Called “Earth’s Twin” or our sister planet • Thick CO2 cloud covers the planet • Hottest Planet at 900°F Venus SUPER Fact • Has Retrograde Rotation-spins backwards on its axis Earth • • • • 3rd Planet 98 million miles from the Sun 24 hours rotation period 365 days orbital period Earth Fun Facts • • • • Ongoing plate tectonics Oxygen rich atmosphere Oceans of water 1 moon Earth SUPER Fact • Variety of living things Mars • • • • 4th planet 142 million miles from the Sun 24 hours rotational period 687 days orbital period Mars Fun Facts • Called the “Red Planet” due to the iron in its surface • Polar ice caps • 2 moons-Phobos & Deimos Mars SUPER Fact • Surface is marked with its own “grand canyon” • Largest volcano in the solar system”Olympus Mons” towering at 17 miles above the surface Outer Planets • • • • • Jupiter Saturn Uranus Neptune Pluto What do the “First Four” outer planets have in common? • Large • Have Rings • Gaseous-75% Hydrogen & 24% Helium What about Pluto? • Pluto is much more like the 4 inner planets • Some speculate that it may have been one of Neptune’s moon at one time Jupiter • • • • 5th planet 484 million miles from the Sun 10 hours rotational period 11 years orbital period Jupiter Fun Facts • • • • Largest Planet Dark narrow rings 63 moons 4 largest moons-Io, Europa, Ganymede, Callisto Jupiter SUPER Fact • “Great Red Spot” that is an ongoing storm much like a hurricane Saturn • • • • 6th planet 888 million miles from the Sun 10 hours rotational period 30 years orbital period Saturn Fun Facts • Called the “Ringed Planet” • Rings measure 600,000 miles from edge to edge • Rings are made from ice & rocks • 60 moons • Titan is the largest-larger than Mercury Saturn SUPER Fact • It floats! It’s density is actually lower than water! If we could place Saturn in water…it would float! Uranus • • • • 7th planet 1.8 billion miles from the Sun 17 hours rotation period 84 years orbital period Uranus Fun Facts • Blue in color…due to the methane in the atmosphere • 20+ moons • Has Rings Uranus SUPER Fact • Rotates from top to bottom…on its side! Neptune • • • • 8th planet 2.8 billion miles from the Sun 18 hours rotational period 165 years orbital period Neptune Fun Facts • “Blue Planet”due to the methane in the atmosphere • 13 moons • Largest moon-Triton Neptune SUPER Fact • “Great Dark Spot”…ongoing storm Pluto • • • • Recently demoted to “Dwarf Planet” status 2.9 billion-4.6 billion miles from the Sun 6 days rotational period 248 years orbital period Pluto Fun Facts • Made of rock & ice • Thin methane atmosphere • 1 moon-Charon Pluto SUPER Fact • It has an unusual orbit…it sometimes crosses Neptune’s orbit What other objects are floating around the solar system? • Comets • Asteroids • Meteoroids Comet Fun Facts • “Dirty Snowball” • Made of dust & ice…as it passes the Sun, the ice turns into gas • Have long, narrow, elliptical orbits • Rarely pass by Earth • Can only be seen briefly Comet SUPER Fact • • • • Halley’s Comet Discovered by Edmond Halley in 1705 Orbits Earth every 76 years 1986 was the last time it appeared in the sky Asteroid Fun Facts • Small objects that orbit the Sun between Mars & Jupiter • Over 10,000 have been discovered • Some are over 250km across Asteroid SUPER Fact • Asteroid Belt Meteoroid • Chunks of rock & dust that comes from a comet or asteroid What are meteors & meteorites? • Meteor: is a meteoroid that burns up in Earth’s atmosphere producing a streak of light • Meteorite: is a large meteoroid that did not burn in Earth’s atmosphere & hit the surface