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A nebula, the remains of
stars from previous
generations, are
composed of various
gases including:
•Hydrogen
•Helium
•Lithium
•Other elements
They drift about an area,
the heavier atomic
elements pulling the
lighter elements to them,
forming great clouds
star nurseries—areas
where stars are born.
The star nursery
continues to condense,
pulling in more and
more gases.
The gases begin a pattern of rotation
forming into a disc shape. Across
the disc gases have varying densities
and temperatures, with the hottest
most dense area of gas being in the
center.
The density of the center reaches
a critical mass at which point it
implodes into itself and ignites into
a gigantic reaction of nuclear fusion.
Hydrogen is fused into Helium &
other lighter elements sending
temperatures to 1000’s of
degrees Kelvin.
At the same time, all across the disc,
pockets of gas are condensing into
smaller non-fusion cores.
These smaller planetessimals are
made up of heavier elements
suspended in the planetary disc.
The debris drifts about,
colliding, merging, collecting
until it has formed a set of
bodies which perpetually
orbit the solar sphere.
Comets
SYSTEM SCHEMATIC
•Hydrogen Cloud (sphere)
•Ort Cloud (sphere)
•Solar Halo (sphere)
•Planetary disc (plane)
•Solar Center
•Kuiper Belt (near plane)
Inner
Planets
Habitable
Zone
Outer
Planets
*Kuiper
Belt
Planetary
Orbital
Plane
Solar
Rotational
Axis
*Kuiper Belt orbits diverge
from planetary disc
THE PLANETARY PLANE
From The Planetary Disc
The entire solar system is
made from a permutation of
the 88 natural elements of the
periodic table.
Inner Planets
(Rocky Geomorphic)
Venus
This includes the basic
building blocks of known life:
Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen
Nitrogen
Phosphorous
In addition, water (H2O) is
abundant throughout the
system, although its existence
in liquid form is restricted to
suitable temperatures.
Mars
Earth
2 moons
1 moon
Comet
Mercury
Asteroid Belt
(Between Mars & Jupiter)
Jupiter
Rings
63 moons
Saturn
Rings
48 moons
Outer Planets
Neptune
Rings
13 moons
Uranus
Rings
27 moons
(Gas Giants)
Kuiper Belt
Pluto
2 moons
Askew of
Planetary plane
Quaoar
Sedna
Xena
A typical planet will
build through condensing
and sedimentation of layers
of various materials.
UV & Solar rays
Solid Iron (Fe),
High heat.
High pressure
Lithosphere,
“Crust”,
Solid
Plastic, or
Liquid
(depending
upon size of
The planet)
Heavy gases,
Gas compounds
“Out gases”
emitted by
condensing
planetary
sphereNXn
SXn
CXn
Out
gasing,
volcanic
Liquid Iron (Fe),
High heat,
High pressure
Light gases
H2, He …
Non-Hydrogen,
Plastic-Liquid,
“rock-metal”
Elements & compounds
Planet formation is not uniform, but it is predictable.
In our solar system there are two major groups of
planets…
INNER PLANETS
Closer to the Sun
are warmer and
will lose the lighter
H2 and He gases
Out Gasing
OUTER PLANETS
Further from Sun
are cooler and
will retain lighter gases
of H2 and He.
Planet
Formation
H2 Escapes from
heat of sun leaving
behind heavier gases,
such as O2, N2,
CO(n) and NO(n)…
Out Gasing
Remaining H2 reacts
with heavier out gases
forming an atmosphere
of CH(n), NH(3) & H2O…
DESIGNATE PLANETS OF SOL SYSTEM
Name
Mass
Diameter
0.06
0.86
1.00
0.11
4,878
12,104
12,755
6,790
Atmosphere
I
N
N
E
R
Mercury
Venus
Earth
Mars
He
CO2
N2, O2
CO2
O
U
T
E
R
Jupiter 318
142,796 H, He
Saturn
95
120,660 H, He
Uranus
14.5 51,118 H, He
Neptune 17.2 49,520 H, He
* Pluto, Quaoar, Sedna, & Xena are consider part of the Kuiper Ice belt…
Feature
Caloris basin
Maxw Mont’s
Liquid H2O
Olym Mons
Red Storm (s)
Rings
98 Axial Tilt
Dark Storm
Planet 1
Planet 2
INNER PLANETS
Planet 3
Alien Moon
OUTER PLANET
All three planets and the moon have Iron cores,
And surrounding spherical layers of
H2, He, N2, O2, CO, CO2, plus other gases.
As the cores condense, they out gas additional
N2, O2, CO, CO2 plus other gases.
(Moon)
Planet 1
Planet 2
Planet 3
Alien Moon
INNER PLANETS
OUTER PLANET
The planetary cores continue to expel N2, O2,
CO, CO2 plus other gases. The O2 combines
with H2 to form water (H2O and ionized OH).
The heat and gravity of the sun cause the inner
planets to lose their free floating H2 and He.
The planetary cores
continue to expel N2, O2,
CO, CO2 plus other gases.
The O2 combines with H2 to
form water (H2O and
ionized OH). However,
the heat and gravity of the
sun of the outer planets is
not enough free the H2 and
He. They remain in the
atmosphere.
(Moon)
Planet 1
Planet 2
Planet 3
INNER PLANETS
Planet 1 is closest to the solar center. It’s heat
is such that water cannot remain in liquid form.
In addition, OH ions float free from the planet’s
atmosphere breaking the chain that leads to
water. N2, O2, CO, CO2 continue to
accumulate. N2 & O2 react to form NO(n).
Greenhouse gases predominate in the form of
CO2, while the other gases continue to deplete
into space or onto the surface.
Alien Moon
OUTER PLANET
(Moon)
Planet 1
Planet 2
Planet 3
INNER PLANETS
Planet three is the furthest of the inner planets
from the solar center. However, its density is
much less than Planets 1 or 2. Again, H2 & He
and OH are lost. Liquid water forms initially, but
cannot be sustained in the atmosphere. CO,
CO2 become the dominant gases.
Alien Moon
OUTER PLANET
(Moon)
Planet 1
Planet 2
Planet 3
INNER PLANETS
Planet 2 is between planets 1 & 3. Like the other
two it continues to out gas N2, O2, CO, and CO2
plus other gases. Like Planet 3, the H2 and O2
form water. Planet 2 is more dense than Planet 3
and it retains the OH ions. In addition, unlike the
warmer Planet 1, Planet 2’s water can remain in a
liquid state. Liquid H2O combines with CO & CO2
leaving N2 and O2 to dominate.
Alien Moon
OUTER PLANET
(Moon)
Planet 1
Planet 2
INNER PLANETS
Planet 3
Alien Moon
OUTER PLANET
Like the three inner planets, the outer Alien Moon
expels N2, O2, CO, CO2 and other gases.
However, it is too cold and too far from the solar
center to free the H2 & He. Instead, alternative
gases of CH4, NH3, H2O and others are formed.
UV rays from the solar center merge the gases
into heavy organic chemical deposits (called Tholins),
which precipitate to the surface. N2 becomes the
dominant gas in the atmosphere.
(Moon)
Planet 1
Planet 2
Planet 3
INNER PLANETS
All four planetary bodies have the potential to bear
life as we have witnessed it on earth. Planets 1, 3
and the Alien Moon could bear Anaerobic life. For
life on these planets, high concentrations of O2
would be toxic. In addition, the lack of liquid H2O
prevents a sustained hydrologic cycle.
Photosynthesis is minimal if at all. Complex
aerobic ecosystems cannot evolve.
Alien Moon
OUTER PLANET
(Moon)
Planet 1
Planet 2
Planet 3
INNER PLANETS
The chemical evolution on a planet, which brings
about the atmosphere is highly dependent upon
the proximity of the solar center with its heat and
gravitational pull. These two factors govern how
much H2 of the original planetary disc remains in
the planet body’s immediate surroundings, and in
what state of water can be sustained. The
composition of the atmosphere and the presence
of a hydrologic cycle with liquid water permits
aerobic respiration and complex aerobic
biospheres.
Alien Moon
OUTER PLANET
(Moon)
TWO BASIC ECOSYSTEMS
An aerobic ecosystem
like that of earth…
A theoretical hydrogen based
Anaerobic ecosystem…
Decomposers
Decomposers
Consumers
Consumers
Producers
UV + CO2 + H2O = C6 H12 O6 + O2
C6 H12 O6 + O2 = Energy + CO2 + H2O
UV + CH3 = C2 H2
C2 H2 + H2 = Energy + CH3
Where C6 H12 O6 is synthesized by
photosynthetic plants which are then
consumed by other life.
Where C2 H2 is synthesized in
the atmosphere and precipitates
out of the atmosphere as Tholin
Planet 1
Planet 2
Planet 3
INNER PLANETS
Planet 2 on the other hand has liquid H2O and can
produce aerobic respiration. Aerobic life can
survive. In addition, the presence of liquid H2O, a
Hydrologic cycle, with CO2 gas with solar UV,
permits the synthesis of sugars. Photosynthesis
replaces the O2 used in respiration. A sustainable
ecosystem of producers and consumers can
evolve.
Alien Moon
OUTER PLANET
(Moon)
IN SUMMARY
PLANETARY FORMATION
•Nebula condenses forming Protoplanetary Disc
•Protoplanetary Disc has fusionable core
•Temperature & Gravitational fluctuations in the disc form perturbations
•Disc Perturbations condense into nonfusionable cores
•Nonfusionable cores draw disc gases
•The gases condense around the core
•Planetessimals form
•Planetessimals come together via gravity
•Planetessimals aggregate into larger units including
•Asteroids, planetoids & Planetary Discs
•Planetary Discs accrete into planets with rings & moons
•The Discs condense into Geomorphs and Gas Giants
NUCLEAR EVOLUTION
Fragments (dark matter?)
Subatomic particles
Atoms
THE EVOLUTIONARY
PROCESSES
OF MATTER
ENERGY REDUCES
CHEMICAL EVOLUTION
Elements
Molecules
Molecular Compounds
Inorganic
Organic
Prions
Proteins
Nucleic Acids
Replication
Metabolism
EVOLUTIONARY
PROCESS
Holons
spreading to
Heterarchies
transcending to
Hierarchies
Evolving to
Higher Hierarchies
BIOLOGICAL EVOLUTION
Proto-living (a.k.a. replicating proteins, viruses)
Achaeans
Prokaryotes
Eukaryotes
ORGANIZATION
INCREASES
THE EVOLUTIONARY PROCESSES OF ENERGY
Critical Points
Energy (dark energy?)
Fragments
Vibrations
Energy-Thermodynamics
Nuclear Forces
Strong
Weak
Molecular Forces
Ion charge
Heat—Pressure
Physical State
Gravitational Forces
Gravity
Centripetal
Self-Organization
A PLANET IS BORN
AND BEGINS ITS OWN
DEVELOPMENT WITHIN
THE CONTINUING, OFTEN
VIOLENT, DEVELOPMENT
OF THE SOLAR SYSTEM,
THE GALAXY AND
THE COSMOS.