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Bell Ringer- Write definition and term 1. Any large body (bigger than asteroid) that revolves around a star 2. Giant ball of burning gas held together by gravity 3. Rocky object that orbits sun and is smaller than asteroid 4. Small chunk of ice, dust, and rocky material 5. A piece of space rock that strikes earth • • • • • Meteorite Meteoroid Star Planet Comet Standard and Element S6E1. Students will explore current scientific views of the universe and how those views evolved. • e. Explain that gravity is the force that governs the motion in the solar system. Why are these astronauts floating in their spacecraft? Why do planets orbit the sun? Why does the moon (natural satellite) orbit the Earth? Gravity and Inertia! Earth is exerting a noticeable force on these people. Do astronauts actually lose weight while in space? Gravity Cornell Notes Key Terms Summary Notes What is Gravity? • Gravity is an attractive force between two objects. – It is the basic force in the universe and effects all objects in the universe. • Who told us that? – Sir Issac Newton Why does the cereal and milk fall downward? The Gravitational Law • The law of gravitation states that any two objects exert an attractive force on each other. • Key elements: mass and distance between the objects. • Examining_Gravity_and_Its_Pull.mp4 Explain what is happening in this animation? The larger an object is, the more gravity it creates. Mass The more mass two objects have, the stronger the pull of gravity. Gravity depends on two things: •The mass of the two objects. •The distance between them. Mass vs. Weight • Weight is a measurement of gravitational force upon the mass of the object. • Mass is the amount of matter within an object. – We often use the words “mass and weight” interchangeably. But there is a difference between the two words. • Weigh 100 lbs on Earth and • Mass would be the same on Earth and How does a scale work? • Scales measure the force of attraction between you and the Earth. The more mass you have, the more gravitational force on you and the more you weigh We can also use a scale to measure the force of gravity on us at various distances from the Earth’s core. For example, your weight would be 0.2% less on the top of Mt. Everest. Why do you weigh less? Predict what happens to your mass? Theorize how much your weight changes as you move across our solar system? What does this weight change depend upon? http://studyjams.scholastic.com/studyjams/jams/science/solarsystem/sgravity-and-inertia.htm You are near Pluto and put a scale underneath you. Is the scale weightless? Is the scale mass-less? Absolutely not. If you grabbed the scale and tried to shake it, you would have to push it to get it going and pull it to get it to stop. It still has inertia, and hence mass, yet it has no weight. You can also look on your worksheet Let’s look at some characteristics of planets 80,000,000 Mercury Venus Earth Mars Jupiter Saturn Series7 Neptune Pluto 60,000,000 50,000,000 40,000,000 30,000,000 20,000,000 10,000,000 Radius in meters 70,000,000 0 1 Distance The farther apart two objects are, the weaker the pull of gravity. Gravity depends on two things: •The mass of the two objects. •The distance between them. Class Practice #1 1. When the same distance apart, which has a stronger force of gravity between them? a) two apples b) two planets Class Practice #2 2. When the same distance apart, which has a weaker force of gravity between them? A. the earth and the moon B. the earth and a man on the moon? Class Practice #3 3. Which has a stronger force of gravity between them? A. two stars that are 10 miles apart B. two stars that are 100,000,000 miles apart? Hmmm…. • If gravity is a force that pulls things toward Earth, why doesn’t the moon crash into Earth? Inertia • Inertia is the tendency of a moving object to continue in a straight line or a stationary object to remain in place. Orbits • The path of an object as it revolves around another object in space. Orbits • An ellipse!... Draw it in your notes! Gravity + Inertia • Gravity and Inertia work together to keep objects in orbit – Planets, asteroids, comets orbit the sun Inertia inertia Force of gravity Cannonball Demonstration! • http://spaceplace.nasa.gov/en/kids/orbits1.sh tml Let’s watch the cannonball again… • What shape does the cannonball go in? Class Review #5 5. What would happen to the moon if the force of gravity suddenly disappeared? a) b) c) d) The moon would crash into Earth The moon would fly away from Earth The moon would continue orbiting Earth The moon’s speed around Earth would slow down Kepler • Johannes Kepler studied Tycho Brahe’s data. • He tried to confirm that the planet’s orbits were circles. • He determined that the planets’ orbits are ellipses. Watch me do this… • What force keeps Earth in orbit around the sun? • Gravity! inertia Class Practice #6 6. In what direction does an object in space tend to move? a) In a curved path b) Inward c) In a straight line d) Backward Class Practice #7 7. How would the force of gravity between Earth and the sun be affected if the mass of Earth were greater than it is? a) The force of gravity would be greater b) The force of gravity would be unchanged c) The force of gravity would be less d) There would be no force of gravity Class Practice #8 10. If the force of gravity between Earth and the sun were greater than Earth’s inertia, what would happen to Earth? a) Earth would escape into space b) Earth would fall into the sun c) Earth would remain in its orbit around the sun d.) Earth would stop moving Class Practice #9 9. Of the 8 planets, why does the sun have the least gravitational attraction to Neptune? A. It’s the largest planet B. It’s the smallest planet C. It’s closest to the sun D. It’s furthest from the sun Class Practice #10 10. How would the gravitational force between Earth and an astronaut change as the astronaut traveled FURTHER away from Earth? A. Gravitational pull on the astronaut would increase B. Gravitational pull on the astronaut would decrease C. There would be no change in the gravitational pull between the Earth and the astronaut D. Gravitational pull on Earth would increase Exit Ticket • Write summary for cornell notes Bell Ringer: Write the word and definition. • Caused by wind and earthquakes • Caused by global winds • Caused by differences in density (temp and salinity) • Caused by the moon’s gravitational pull • Surface Currents • Waves • Deep Ocean Currents • Tides Tides K.I.M Chart K (Key Term) I (Information) M (Memory Cue) Tides • Tides are the movement of ocean water at the shore when it rises and falls during the day (2 high and 2 low) caused by the gravitational pull of the moon and sun on Earth’s water Gravitational Pull: • the gravitational pull of the moon and sun - moon has 2x greater gravitational pull than the sun - sun is 10 million x more massive than the moon and is 390 times farther away GRAVITATIONAL FORCE CENTRIPETAL GRAVITATIONAL & CENTRIPETAL High Tides • Water level is high • When part of the ocean is facing and directly opposite the moon, the water bulges (gets bigger toward the moon) Low Tides • Water Level is low • The water is not drawn out (does not bulge) in areas in between the high tides Earth-Moon-Sun positions and the monthly tidal cycle About every 7 days, Earth alternates between: Spring Tide • Earth-Moon-Sun system are in a line • Large tidal range (high tides are very high, low tides are very low) Neap Tide • Earth-Moon-Sun system at right angles • Small tidal range (high tides and low tides are not very different) Inquiry 1.Which has the greatest tidal effect– sun or moon? 2.Where is the greatest tidal range located? 3.Which lunar phase produces moderate tides? 4.How is a tidal bore created? Triangles: Movements of Water (Copy) Waves Tides Currents Circles: Causes (Fill-In) Wind Earthquakes Global Winds (Unequal Heating) Differences in density (temperature and salinity) Earth-Moon-Sun system at right angles Earth-Moon-Sun system in straight line Ocean is facing moon or opposite side of the moon (bulges) Ocean is not facing moon or not Extra Credit: Add pictures to each subcategory! opposite side of the moon (does Diamonds: Movements of Water Subcategories (Copy) Surface Currents Deep Ocean Currents High Tides Low Tides Neap Tides Spring Tides Tsunamis Squares/Rectangles: Definitions (Fill-In) Movement of Energy Large Tidal Range Small Tidal Range Constant movement of water near surface Constant movement of water below surface Rise of water 2X/day When finished: • Raise your hand to get concept map checked • Transfer concept map to large sheet of paper with group. • Include Pictures and Color!