Download Astronomy Research Project

Astronomy Research Project
By: Sara Rubin
Sir Isaac Newton
Gravity
• Gravity is what causes all
objects with mass to be
attracted to each other.
• The acceleration of a falling
object due to the force of
gravity is 9.8m/s/s.(Air
resistance causes this number
to differ for different masses.)
The Three Laws of Motion
•
An object at rest will stay at rest, and an
object in motion will stay in motion unless
an outside force is applied to it. (Law of
Inertia)
•
http://www.glenbrook.k12.il.us/GBSSCI/PHYS/mmedia/newtlaws/cci.html
•
A force acting on a object is equal to the
mass of the object times its acceleration.
F=ma (Force=mass* acceleration)
For every action there is an equal and
opposite reaction.
•
The Centripetal Force
• The force that keeps objects in a
circular motion (it pulls it toward the
center)
• Ex. The moons’ orbit
http://www.glenbrook.k12.il.us/GBSSCI/PHYS/mmedia/circmot/cf.html
Inverse Square Law
• Mathematical formula that can tell you the
intensity of light, the strength of an electric
charge, and the strength of gravitational
attraction
• Force = 1/(distance * distance)
• (An inverse is 1 divided by a number, and
a square is a number multiplied by itself)
Thus, F= 1/d2
• This explains the changing speed of a
planet- the closer to the sun~ the faster
speed, more gravitation pull the farther
from the sun~ the slower speed, less
gravitational pull.
Escape Velocity
• Definition: the minimum velocity needed to
escape the gravitational pull of a planet,
moon, asteroid, or other object
• Earth: 11.2 Km/sec
• Mars: 5Km/sec
Life
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Born on Christmas 1642 in England
Discovers gravity
Comes up with the 3 laws of motion
Publishes his ideas
Robert Hooke becomes his nemesis
Edmund Halley- supporter
Knighted by the Queen
Died at age of 84
Calculus
• He called it “the method of fluxions”
(flowing or changing qualities)
• Deals with numbers that are not constant,
but changing
• Differentiation
• Integration (opposite of differentiation)
• Used to describe the movement of objects
such as cannon balls and moons
The Particle Theory of Light
• He said that white light was a mixture of
many different colored light rays. Each
was refracted by a different amount of
glass and they became separated after
shining through the prism.
• He also stated that light was the result of
the movement of tiny particles or
corpuscles. Robert Hooke and other
scientists believed that light was rays or
pulses.
Telescope
• The lens had a problem with refraction
• Bowl-shaped mirror (Newtonian or
Reflecting telescope)
• This design is still used today