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Transcript
Although Pluto is no longer considered a
planet, it is still part of the solar system.

Solar Nebular Theory
•
A nebula is a cloud of gas and/or dust
in space.
•
According to the nebular theory, the
sun and planets formed from a rotating
disk of dust and gases.
•
Planetesimals are small, irregularly
shaped bodies formed by colliding
matter.
Planetary Composition, Distance
from the Sun, and Melting Point
• INNER PLANETS
– also known as
the terrestrial
planets
– dense, small,
have solid rocky
surfaces, metal
cores
• OUTER PLANETS
– also known as the Jovian Planets
– less dense, large, gaseous, thick
atmosphere
To remember the order of the
planets, just remember this
sentence…
“My Very Eager Mother
Just Served Us Noodles”
Solar System Models
• geocentric model:
model of the solar system
that states that the Earth
is the center of the solar
system
– believed until 1600’s
• heliocentric model: model
of the solar system that
states that the sun is the
center of the solar system
and the planets revolve
around it
• The path a planet follows
around the sun is called its
orbit
Kepler’s Laws of Planetary Motion
• 1st law : planets orbit the sun
in a path called an ellipse
• 2nd law: planets move fastest
when they are closest to the sun
in their orbits
• 3rd law: the farther away a
planet orbits, the longer the
planet takes to revolve around
the sun
• revolution: movement of the
Earth around the sun
– takes 365.24 days (1 year)
• rotation: spinning of Earth on its
axis
– takes 24 hours (1 day)
– rotates counterclockwise
the Earth is tilted 23 ½ °on its
axis. Either the Northern
Hemisphere or Southern
Hemisphere tilts towards the sun
• hemisphere that tilts towards
the sun has summer (more
direct sunlight
• hemisphere that tilts away from
the sun  has winter (less direct
sunlight)
• summer solstice: longest sunlight
hours of the year-June 21st-first day
of summer
• winter solstice: shortest sunlight
hours of the year- Dec. 21st- first day
of winter
• spring equinox: equal amounts of
day/night hours- March 21st- first day
of spring
• fall equinox: equal amounts of
day/night hours- Sept. 21st- first day
of fall
Other Objects in the Solar
System
• comet: composed of dust,
rock, frozen water, and gas
1. nucleus: glows by reflected sunlight
2. coma: hazy cloud that surrounds the
nucleus
3. tail: gas and dust that always points
away from the sun
Halley’s Comet
Hale-Bopp
Comet
• asteroid: solid, rock-like mass,
irregular in shape
• orbit the sun- most orbit between
Mars and Jupiter in the asteroid
belt
• meteoroid: rock or icy fragment
moving through space
– can be large as a boulder or as
small as sand
•meteor:
light made by
meteoroid as it passes
through Earth’s atmosphere
stone
meteorite
iron
meteorite
stony-iron
meteorite
• if they strike the Earth, they
form impact craters (this is
rare!)
• Go to www.reviewgamezone.com ; when the
page uploads, click on science near the middle
at the top of the page. Choose Astronomy
which is the first topic. You may select any
category you feel will be most helpful to you
reviewing. After you choose a topic it will
give you a game list. Select and enjoy the
game!
• *You should be able to click on the link*
• If you are not on this webpage you will be
asked to log off your computer.