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INTRODUCTION TO HINDUISM & BUDDHISM • BRAHMAN: one single spiritual power that lives in everything • AVATAR: representation of Hindu god or goddess in human or animal form • Hinduism: Major religion from India • Practiced by over 850 million people • One of world’s major religions • Developed from a blend of beliefs from Aryans and Indians over 3,000 years INTRODUCTION TO HINDUISM & BUDDHISM • Deity: god or holy being • HINDUISM • Very complex; brings ideas from many religions • Worship many gods and goddesses but believe in one main brahman • No single leader or founder INTRODUCTION TO HINDUISM & BUDDHISM • Moral: doing what is “right”, accepted by culture; “correct” • HINDUISM • Three important Hindu gods: Brahma, the Creator; Vishnu, the Preserver; Shiva, the Destroyer • Believe their deities come to earth as avatars INTRODUCTION TO HINDUISM & BUDDHISM • REINCARNATION: belief in the rebirth of the soul, often in human or animal form • DHARMA: religious and moral duties of each person • AHIMSA: nonviolence (a main teaching of Hinduism) • Hindus believe life is a spiritual journey • Teachings come from holy texts called Upanishads • Believe every living thing has a soul • Each person will be judged by his or her actions on earth and reincarnated accordingly INTRODUCTION TO HINDUISM & BUDDHISM • When a Hindu reaches a “perfect” life, he or she becomes one with Brahma and breaks cycle of reincarnation; must follow “dharma” • Believe in non-violence • All people and things are part of Brahman so they don’t eat meat and try not to harm living things INTRODUCTION TO HINDUISM & BUDDHISM • Hinduism in day to day practice: • May worship at temples • May have shrines in homes and make offerings • Practice of Yoga frees soul – three types: physical activity, selfless deeds, learning the holy texts INTRODUCTION TO HINDUISM & BUDDHISM • BUDDHISM • Meditate: to focus your thoughts inward to reach spiritual awareness or relaxation • Nirvana: A higher form of existence; lasting peace reached by giving up selfish desires INTRODUCTION TO HINDUISM & BUDDHISM • Siddhartha Gautama • Indian Prince • Had never known suffering, old age, sickness, or death • At age 30 he left palace and saw suffering in the outside world • Gave up his wealth and position in hopes of finding causes of suffering • Traveled for 7 years looking for truth INTRODUCTION TO HINDUISM & BUDDHISM • Fast: to go without food or liquids (other than water) during the day for religious reasons • Coexist: to live or work together • Meditated to seek understanding • Legend says he fasted and meditated under a fig tree for 49 days • He found the answers he was looking for INTRODUCTION TO HINDUISM & BUDDHISM • Gautama spent 45 years traveling in India and sharing his knowledge • He gained many followers • They called him “Enlightened One”, or Buddha • His teachings came to be called Buddhism INTRODUCTION TO HINDUISM & BUDDHISM • Buddha taught that people should avoid extremes in life • Said wish for wealth or power caused unhappiness • Believed people should follow the “Middle Way” or 8-Fold Path INTRODUCTION TO BUDDHISM • Like Hindus, Buddhists believe in reincarnation • Believe you could be “released” from reincarnation by following “Middle Way” and reaching nirvana INTRODUCTION TO BUDDHISM • BASIC TEACHINGS: • Act unselfishly • Tell the truth • Avoid violence • All people are equal • Appeals to those in caste system INTRODUCTION TO HINDUISM & BUDDHISM • Karma: Belief that choices you make in the present will impact the future; “What comes around goes around” • Example: A good choice in this life may mean you have a good outcome later in life OR in a later life. The opposite is true, too. • SHARED BELIEFS: • Hindus and Buddhists believe in nonviolence and idea that it’s not okay to harm others • Some Hindus believe Buddha is a reincarnation of Vishnu, the preserver • Both believe in Karma