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Western Civilization Unit #1 – Ancient Foundations (c. 400,000 BC – 464 BC) Chapters 1 and 2 Neolithic Revolution, Mesopotamia, Egypt, Hittites & Phoenicians, Israel, Assyria, Babylon, Persia You can earn a 10% extra credit grade on the exam for answering all questions under “Essential Learnings” and defining all terms under “key terms” by hand, it must be submitted upon entry to testing room and each page hand labeled with your name. Key questions: 1. What is Western Civilization? 2. What was cultural diffusion and why was it significant in ancient civilizations? Discuss two different civilizations to explain how and why cultural diffusion worked in these two civilizations. 3. What was the role of geography and environment on the development of a civilization? Discuss Mesopotamia and Egypt to support your response. 4. What was the role of religion in ancient civilization? You may discuss the traits and role of religion in Mesopotamia, Israel, Egypt, and/or Persia to support your point. 5. What elements of these ancient civilizations would become critical foundations for Western Civilization? Be sure to discuss not only the elements, but where and how they first appeared. Objectives/Essential Learnings: 1. Explain the meaning and origins of the term “Western Civilization”. 2. Assess the legacy of the term “Western Civilization”, connecting it to both ancient and modern Western societies. 3. Identify the key traits of the Paleolithic societies. 4. Evaluate the significance of the Neolithic (Agricultural) Revolution. 5. Describe the political, economic, religious, and social features of ancient Mesopotamia 6. Determine how geography influenced Mesopotamian civilization. 7. Compare the Epic of Gilgamesh with the accounts of other religions. 8. Identify the causes of the rise of the first Mesopotamian empires. 9. Explain the meaning of the Code of Hammurabi and evaluate its purpose and success, particularly in comparison to modern American codes of law. 10. Compare & contrast the Code of Hammurabi with modern Western legal practice. 11. Describe the political, economic, religious, and social features of Egypt under the Old Kingdom 12. Determine how the Nile influenced Egyptian civilization. 13. Compare & contrast the features of ancient Egypt with those of Mesopotamia. 14. Evaluate the significance of the Hyksos invasion of Egypt and the role of cultural diffusion. 15. Analyze how the New Kingdom of Egypt was different from the Old Kingdom and why those differences occurred. 16. Explain the appearance of the Egyptian empire and the resultant transformation of Egyptian society. 1 17. Explain the decline of Egypt as a great power. 18. Identify the contributions of the Hittites and the Phoenicians to Western Civilization and explain how they both functioned as agents of cultural diffusion. 19. Discuss the possible causes of the “Great Catastrophe” and the First Dark Age. 20. Summarize the development of Hebrew monotheism and the kingdom of Israel. 21. Describe Jewish ethical monotheism. 22. Determine the reasons for the rapid rise and collapse of the Assyrian and Babylonian Empires. 23. Evaluate the reign of Cyrus the Great, and the stability, prosperity, and success of the Persian Empire. 24. Compare and contrast the development and role of the monotheistic religions (Akhenaten’s monotheism, Judaism, and Zoroastrianism) with the polytheistic religions. 25. Identify the elements of ancient civilizations that would become key ingredients in Western Civilization. Key terms You should be able to identify, define, and explain each term (may be a concept, event, person, or group of people). As you go through class lecture and assigned reading, connect your notes to the list of key terms. Western Civilization Paleolithic Neolithic Revolution Neolithic Mesopotamia Tigris River and Euphrates River Sumerian cuneiform ziggurat Epic of Gilgamesh Sargon Babylon Hammurabi Code of Hammurabi Kassites Egypt Nile River cataract Memphis Thebes Nubia Old Kingdom pharaoh Osiris Horus Menes pyramid Hyksos New Kingdom Akhenaten Tutankhamen Ramses II Hittites Sea Peoples Phoenicians Hebrews Abraham Moses Saul David Solomon Yahweh Torah Assyrian Empire Chaldean Empire Nebuchadnezzar II Medes Persian Empire Cyrus the Great satrap Zoroaster Royal Road 2 Calendar – See extended explanation of reading assignments and written homework. Day & Date Thursday 08/18 Friday 08/19 What is Western Civilization? Paleolithic & Neolithic Peoples Pages Covered – Read Before Class – Be Quiz Ready If Assigned Pages 3 – 5 Pages 6 – 10 Monday 08/22 Tuesday 08/23 Wednesday 08/24 Thursday 08/25 Mesopotamian Civilization Babylonian Conquest Code of Hammurabi Pages 11 – 15 Pages 15 – 17 Pages 18 – 20 Old Kingdom Egypt Pages 20 – 23 Friday 08/26 Old Kingdom Art & Architecture; Hyksos Invasion New Kingdom Egypt Hittites, Sea Peoples, & Phoenicians History of Israel Pages 23 – 25 Israel – The Rise of Judaism Assyria & Chaldeans Pages 39 – 44 Pages 44 – 50 Persia Zoroastrianism, monotheism & polytheism Essay Writing Instruction Unit #1 Test, take home essay due Wednesday 9/12 Pages 51 – 55; 56 – 58 Pages 55 – 56 RA #4 No School – Labor Day Constructed Response #3 Study Chapters 1 & 2 Study Study Monday 08/29 Tuesday 08/30 Wednesday 08/31 Thursday 09/01 Friday 09/02 Monday 09/05 Tuesday 09/06 Wednesday 09/07 Thursday 09/08 Friday 09/09 Topic Homework Due RA#1 - Pages 6 – 7 “From the First Hominids to the Paleolithic Era” Constructed Response #1 DUE RA #2 Pages 20 – 21 “The Nile and the God King” Pages 26-29 Pages 29, 34 - 37 Constructed Response #2 DUE Pages 37-42 RA #3 Reading Assignments: Note that these can be done in your notebook and will be checked or used on open note quizzes. RA#1: Pages 6 – 7: “From the First Hominids to the Paleolithic Era”– Create a list of characteristics of human life during the Paleolithic Age. RA#2: Pages 20 – 21: “The Nile and God King”– Create a two-column chart. In the left hand column, list important traits of Egyptian geography. In the right hand column, identify the impact of each trait on Egyptian society. RA#3: Pages 37-42: “Israel”– Using the important historical figures from the history of Israel, take notes on the accomplishments and historical significance of each person: Abraham, Moses, Saul, David, and Solomon. RA #4: Pages 44 – 49: “The Power of Assyria”)– Assyria was one of the most warlike peoples of history. Take notes on evidence in the reading that supports the warlike nature of the Assyrians. 3 Constructed Response Assignments Note – These are to be typed and submitted at the beginning of class. Each is worth a 20 point formative assessment grade. Constructed Response #1 (Due Friday 8/21) – Read pages 18-20 in the textbook (“Life Under Hammurabi”). Write a one-paragraph constructed response to answer the question – What were the key principles of Hammurabi’s Code and what did the Code aim to address in society? You must cite your textbook as a source. Constructed Response #2 (Due Wednesday 8/26) – Read “The Agricultural Revolution” by Braidwood and “Freedom in the Ancient World: Civilization in Sumer” by Muller. Write a 1-paragraph constructed response to address – How did the Neolithic Revolution both positively and negatively affect human societies according to Braidwood and Muller? Whose argument do you find more persuasive and why? Be sure to cite your sources using MLA format. Constructed Response #3 (due Wednesday 09/02) – Read pages 50- 54 and 57. In a one-paragraph constructed response, answer the following question – Why were the Persians so successful? Use textual evidence to support your answer. You must cite your textbook as a source. 4 Western Civilization Unit #1 – Ancient Foundations Short Answer Questions – Response Preparation Writing Scaffolding Name ________________________________________ Use the charts given to gather accurate, relevant evidence that supports your ability to answer the question. After considering the evidence, develop a topic sentence that creates an argument that can be proven AND will answer the question. 1. How did the Neolithic Revolution change human life? Traits of human life during the Paleolithic Age Traits of human life during the Neolithic age Answer the question! Develop an argumentative topic sentence that reflects the evidence you have listed above. 5 2. What caused the first human civilizations to rise in Mesopotamia? Traits of the region Elements that support the rise of civilization in the region Answer the question! Develop an argumentative topic sentence that reflects the evidence stated above. 3. Why did the Egyptian empire fail? Date / Time Struggles of the Egyptian empire Answer the question! Develop an argumentative topic sentence that reflects the evidence stated above. 6 4. The Assyrians and Persians were both very successful empires of antiquity. Why were the Persians able to build a more successful, sustainable empire than the Assyrians? Success of the Assyrians Success of the Persians Answer the question! Develop an argumentative topic sentence that reflects the evidence you have listed above. 7 Unit Essay – Response Preparation 1. What was the role of geography and environment on the development of a civilization? Use Mesopotamia and Egypt to support your response. Traits of geography & environment in Mesopotamia Traits of geography & environment in Egypt Develop a thesis that reflects the above evidence and answer the question with an argument. Develop topic sentence #1 It should be argumentative and address the first series of evidence you will use to defend the central argument of the thesis. Develop topic sentence #2 It should be argumentative and address the second series of evidence you will use to defend the central argument of the thesis. 8 2. What was the role of religion in ancient civilization? You may discuss the traits and role of religion in Mesopotamia, Israel, Egypt, and/or Persia to support your point (use only two). Elements of religion of _____________ Elements of religion of ______________________ Develop a thesis that reflects the above evidence and answer the question with an argument. Develop topic sentence #1 It should be argumentative and address the first series of evidence you will use to defend the central argument of the thesis. Develop topic sentence #2 It should be argumentative and address the second series of evidence you will use to defend the central argument of the thesis. 9