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Greece Time Line (so far)
2,000 1,500 1,2001,150
700
621 594 500 490 480
477461431 300
Persia
attacked
The
Iona
Peloponnesian
Age
of Athens
Pericles
The Trojan
*THE War
DORIAN
Emergence
Cleisthenes
Solon
AGE*
came
came
of
into
came
Homer
inpower
tointo
power
and
power
inThe
Athens
in
Athens.
Mycaneans
migrated
toDraco
The
Xerxes
Golden
led
Age
an attack
of
onWar
changed
*Outlawed
Athenian
ANY
govt.
slavery
modern-day lasted
Greeceto 750
Thermopylae
431
the
*Beginning
Athens
ofuntil
Persian
vs.and
War
Sparta
*lasted
until
429
*Reformed Solon’s*lasted
classes
by
location
of Salamis
*lasted
until 404
and
*Organized
not wealthancientBattle
suing
*Write down the dates and what took place 
example: 1776 - Revolutionary War Begins
• The Peloponnesian War severely weakened the strongest
Greek city states
– Athens and Sparta
• The war weakened their military and their economic
powers
• Just north of Greece, the kingdom of Macedonia took
notice of the vulnerable Greeks
– The Greeks once looked down on the Macedonians
– The Greeks thought the Macedonians were
uncivilized
• In 359 B.C., Phillip II became the King of Macedonia when
he was 23 years old.
• Proved to be a great general
– Transformed the peasants of Macedonia into a well
trained, disciplined army
The Greek city-states knew of King Phillip II’s army in
the North
Could not agree on a policy to unite and form one force
– Stayed separate
In 338, Macedonia invaded Greece
– Macedonia conquered Greece at the battle of
Chaeronea
The Greece city-states stayed separate but were unified under
Macedonian rule.
– First under the rule of King Phillip II
Phillip II planned to conquer Persia next
– But was murdered by a former guard before he could
create a plan
Succeeded by his 20 year old son, Alexander
 Alexander the Great
• In 334, Alexander decided to carry out he and his father’s
plan to conquer Persia.
• He led 35,000 soldiers in to Persia and won the first battle
of the war.
– Angered King Darius III of Persia
– Darius III raised an army of 75,000 men to attack
Alexander’s army
Alexander received word of Darius’ upcoming attack.
– He cut off the Persian forces in Anatolia
 Caught them by surprise
– Alexander then rushed Darius’ forces
• Darius was frightened and fled the battlefield.
*Alexander gained control of Anatolia*
• Darius tried to negotiate with Alexander
– He offered Alexander all of his lands west of the
Euphrates River
• Alexander rejected  Announced his plan to conquer the
WHOLE Persian empire.
• Alexander marched into Egypt in 332 B.C.
– He was crowned a pharaoh
– He founded the city of Alexandria along the Nile
• Darius assembled an army of 250,000 men and the two
armies met at Gaugamela
– Once again, Alexander pushed through the Persian
forces and forced Darius to flee
• Darius III’s retreat ended his reign over the Persian
Empire
– Alexander’s army occupied Babylon, Susa, and
Persepolis (Persia’s capital)
*Alexander burned Persepolis to the ground
• Alexander continued pushing east, conquering every
civilization he encountered
– Fought for 11 years
– Fought all the way to India
Alexander’s Empire:
• In the Spring of 323, Alexander became very ill in
Babylon and died at the age of 33
• After his death, his many generals fought over the
legacy that he created.
• Alexander’s conquering had an incredible cultural
impact
– Adopted Persian style of dress
– Adopted many Persian ways of life
• New cultures mixed: Macedonia + Greece + Persia