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LIFE OF ALEXANDER 356 BCE: Alexander born 20 or 26 July, father Philip king of Macedon eyes Persia 354: Demosthenes of Athens condemns Philip’s Persian campaign (gives public speeches known as “Philippics”) 352: Two Persian leaders seek refuge with Philip 351: Philip’s fleet harasses Athenian shipping 348: Athenian attempts to unite Greek states against Philip fail 346: Philip sends embassies to Athens, slowly marches toward Peloponnese and takes gradual control of Greece 343: Pact of non-aggression signed between Philip and Persia; Aristotle becomes Alexander’s tutor 340: Greek allies meet in Athens; Philip raids Byzantium and Asia Minor; Alexander left as regent of Macedon, raids and founds Alexandropolis 338: Philip crushes Thebans at Chaeronea; Alexander sent with ambassadors to Athens; Philip marries again, sending Alexander & mother Olympias into exile 337: Hellenic League (led by Philip) convenes and ratifies crusade against Persia 336: Darius III comes to power in Persia; Philip is murdered at daughter’s wedding; Alexander becomes king of Macedon and captain of Persian campaign 335: Alexander crushes Theban revolt, subdues Thrace and Illyria 334: Alexander invades Asia Minor; battle of Granicus; siege and capture of Miletus 333: Gordium; Darius marches from Babylon; battle of Issus in September; first peace offer from Darius 332: Siege of Tyre; Phoenicia captured; Alexander crowned pharaoh in Egypt; second peace offer from Darius 331: Founds Alexandria; crosses Euphrates; final peace offer from Darius; battle of Gaugamela; Darius flees; Babylon falls 330: Persepolis taken and sacked; Darius pursued, murdered by own general Bessus 329: Crosses Hindu Kush; Darius’ killer Bessus surrenders and is killed by Alexander 327: Marries Bactrian princess Roxane to pacify northern Afghanistan; invades India 326: Bucephalus dies; army mutinies and demands to go home 325: Return march through Gedrousian desert with parallel naval return through Persian Gulf 324: Return to Persepolis; then Susa, then Ecbatana; Hephaestion dies 323: Return to Babylon; Alexander dies June 10/11 after developing fever after party (likely typhoid); empire divided among 4 generals (Ptolemies in Egypt, Antigonids in Asia Minor but absorbed by Seleucids, Seleucids in Mesopotamia & Persia, Macedonians in Greece)