Download 10. 3 Philip and Alexander

10. 3 Philip and Alexander
pp. 288-293
Essential Question: What are the characteristics of a leader?
Philip II of Macedonia
Philip II of Macedon was the king of the Ancient Greek kingdom of Macedon from 359 BC
until his assassination in 336 BC.
Philip’s First Job as King:
Fix the military
• Macedonia was not a very strong
kingdom and were mainly farmers and
herders of sheep and horses.
• The army is undisciplined
• While Philip was a hostage in Thebes, he
learned new battle strategies and how to
train a successful army
• Citizen warriors -> professional soldiers
• He increased its size from 10,000 to
24,000 and enlarged the cavalry from 600
to 3,500
Turning Things Around
• created a corps of engineers to develop
towers and catapults
• provided uniforms and required an oath
of allegiance to the king (each soldier
would no longer be loyal to a particular
town or province but faithful only to the
king)
• restructured the traditional Greek
phalanx
• changed the hoplite spear to the sarissa, an
18 to 20 feet pike; it had the advantage of
reaching over the much shorter spears of
the opposition.
• a new helmet, and a redesigned shield,
each man possessed a smaller double-edge
sword, or xiphos, for close-in-hand fighting.
Philip’s Second Job:
Conquests
• Macedonia was enemies with the
Illyrians to the North and Athens
• Philip and his son, Alexander (18 years
old), marched through many Greek citystates including Thebes and Athens
• Defeats enemies in many ways:
• Battle
• Bribery
• Others just agree
• But he did not escape these battles
without some personal scars - a lost eye,
a broken shoulder, and a crippled leg.
Statue of Philip II of Macedon
Demosthenes
• Throughout Philip’s rise to
power and his victories
throughout Greece, a constant
thorn in his side was
Demosthenes, the great
Athenian orator, who constantly
railed against Philip in a series of
speeches called The Philippics.
Demosthenes Practicing Oratory
painting by Jean Lecomte du Nouÿ
• Why was Demosthenes so
opposed to Philip’s plans?
Interesting Tidbits
••
In 343 BCE Aristotle was summoned by King
Philip II of Macedonia to tutor his son
Alexander
• Taught him for the next seven years, until
Alexander ascended to the throne and began
his famous conquests.
• The two men remained in contact through
letters, and Aristotle's influence on Alexander
can be seen in the latter's skillful and
diplomatic handling of difficult political
problems throughout his career.
• Alexander's habit of carrying books with him
on campaign and his wide reading have been
attributed to Aristotle's influence as has
Alexander's appreciation for art and culture.
Alexander Takes Control
Alexander Fulfills His Father’s Dream
• Philip is assassinated
• Alexander will become a
successful ruler and military
leader at age 20
• He will invade and conquer the
Persian Empire
• 2 min video on The Alexander
Mosaic
• https://youtu.be/JUEV5Y6jyJE
Mosaic of Alexander, on his horse Bucephalus, during the
battle of Issus.
Alexander had the
respect of his men and
never betrayed their
trust as he fought next
to them, ate with them,
and refused to drink
water when there
wasn’t enough for all.
Quite simply, he set the
example. As was evident
at Gaugamela, he was
able to rally his men to
fight with him. Plutarch
in his Life of Alexander
the Great wrote,
“…he made a very long speech to
the Thessalians and the other
Greeks and when he saw that they
encouraged him with shouts to
lead them against the Barbarians,
he shifted his lance into his left
hand, and with his right appealed
to the gods…praying them, if he
was really sprung from Zeus, to
defend and strengthen the
Greeks…and after mutual
encouragement and exhortations
the cavalry charged at full speed
upon the enemy…”
Alexander the Leader
Online Textbook: Learn 360 segment
4:22 mins
http://learn360.infobase.com/PortalPlaylists.aspx?wID=274049&xtid=67
335&loid=308257
The division of Alexander the Great's Empire
after his death between 4 of his generals:
Alexander's Legacy
Online textbook Learn 360 2:36 mins
http://learn360.infobase.com/PortalPlaylists.aspx?wID=27404
9&xtid=67335&loid=308263
Alexander’s Legacy
Political Legacy –
1)Extended Greek and Macedonian Rule
2)Creation of the Hellenistic Kingdoms
Economic Legacy –
1) circulation of Persian gold and silver
2) standardization of currency
(Trade and commerce extended beyond the Mediterranean region into Africa, Arabia, India, and
China.)
Cultural Legacy –
1) spread of Greek art and thought
2) creation of new Hellenistic culture
Painting of The Great Lighthouse of Alexandria
(One of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World)
Illustration of ancient
Library of Alexandria
Bust of Alexander the Great outside the
new library in Alexandria, Egypt
Essential Question: Give examples of things Alexander
and his father, Philip II, did as good leaders:
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Sources
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McGraw – Hill Online Textbook sources
Ancient History Encyclopedia
www.washburn.edu
HeritageHistory.com
http://www.heritage-history.com/books/horne/statesmen/zpage054.gif
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JUEV5Y6jyJE
Slideplayer.com
http://outline-of-history.mindvessel.net/230-career-of-alexander-great/231-philip-ofmacedonia.html
• Pintrest.com
• 02varvara.wordpress.com
• www.artrenewal.org