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Contact Columbus in the New World 1492 After 33 days, he landed at the Bahamas. Then went on to Hispaniola and Cuba Exploration and Conquest Spain took the lead, with explores such as Hernan Cortes and Francisco Pizzaro The Demographic Disaster The “Columbian exchange”, while benefiting Europe, devastated the native peoples of the New World In the 150 years after first European contact, perhaps 80 million Indians – nearly one – fifth of humankind at that time – died. Map 1.4 Voyages of Discovery Give Me Liberty!: An American history, 3rd Edition Copyright © 2011 W.W. Norton & Company The Spanish Empire Justifications for Conquest Long history of conquering other peoples and cultures based on religion or notions of superiority Spreading the Faith Save natives from Protestantism and heathenism Piety and Profit Workforce to enrich Spain Many Indians worked to death The Spanish Empire Las Casas’s Complaint Criticized fellow Spaniards for their shocking atrocities and cruelties against the natives Believed that Indians were rational beings, not savages, who could not be denied their freedom and lands Reforming the Empire Las Casas, along with others, lead to minor changes in the Spanish treatment, but Indians were still exploited. The Spanish Empire Exploring North America Early 16th century Pacific & Gulf Coasts American southeast and southwest Spread Disease & Devastation De Soto was particularly brutal Table 1.1 Estimated Regional Populations: The Americas, ca.1500 Give Me Liberty!: An American history, 3rd Edition Copyright © 2011 W.W. Norton & Company The Spanish Empire Spanish Florida First area to be colonized present day Florida Small presence Spain in the Southwest New Mexico (1598) Pueblo Indians (1680) Pueblo Revolt: Pueblos attacked and nearly wiped out the entire Spanish pop Map 1.5 A Spanish Conquests and Explorations Give Me Liberty!: An American history, 3rd Edition in The New World, 1500–1600 Copyright © 2011 W.W. Norton & Company Table 1.2 Estimated Regional Populations Give Me Liberty!: An American history, 3rd Edition Copyright © 2011 W.W. Norton & Company The French and Dutch Empires French Colonization Mississippi River Valley and Canada New France and the Indians Fur traders Friendly relations with local Indians Generally more tolerant of Indian culture However, French colonialism brought same disease and warfare Map 1.6 The New World-New France and New Netherland, ca. 1650 Give Me Liberty!: An American history, 3rd Edition Copyright © 2011 W.W. Norton & Company The French and Dutch Empires The Dutch Empire Henry Hudson (1609) New Amsterdam (1624) Manahattan Dutch Freedom Small pop, but center of global maritime empire Invented practices that were critical to the birth of modern capitalism Joint stock company The French and Dutch Empires Freedom in New Netherland Not democratic, but people had more freedoms that elsewhere on the continent Religious toleration broad Settling New Netherland Tiny outpost in the global Dutch Empire New Netherland and the Indians Like the French, the Protestant Dutch were interested in trade, rather than conquest Identified with Indians plight under Spanish rule