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Bell Work
Read “A Story That Matters” on
page 396 and answer the
following questions:
What kinds of leisure activities do people
engage in now?
How much time do you spend on leisure
activities?
Bell Work
This is your bell work, but we will discuss
this for the majority of the class period.
Read “Marx and Engels Proclaim the
Classless Society” on page 402. Answer
the two questions at the bottom of the
page. This should take you about 15-20
min.
Bell Work
Bell Work: Read Science, Technology &
Society on page 398. Why were early cars
expensive? What are some expensive
cars today and why do you think they are
expensive?
Bell Work
Read “The Way It Was” on page 408-409 and
answer the first two questions.
Your essay is due today. Turn it in up front.
Due to my absence yesterday, the test has been
rescheduled for Wednesday Jan. 23, 2013.
Bell Ringer- Tuesday

What do you remember about the First
Industrial Revolution? Child Labor,
inventions, change in how people lived,
etc. Write about what you remember and
what was important. 4-5 Sentences.
Chapter 13
Mass Society and Democracy:
1870-1914
Section 1: The Growth of Industrial
Prosperity
 The
Second Industrial Revolution led to
industry and growth in the making of steel,
chemicals, electricity and the discovery of
oil.
 Between 1870 and 1914 steel replaced
iron because steel was just as strong, but
lighter.
 This led to faster machines, engines, and
more railroads.
 New
energy from electricity was very
valuable, because it can be converted into
heat, light, or motion.
 This led to the building of hydroelectric
and coal fired power plants.
 Electricity was the foundation of many
new inventions such as the light bulb,
telephone, and radio.
 The light bulb was invented by Thomas
Edison in the U.S. and Joseph Swan in
Great Britain.
 Alexander
Graham Bell invented the
telephone in 1876 and Guglielmo Marconi
sent the first radio waves across the
Atlantic in 1901.
 Electricity also had an effect on
transportation as more and more cities
added streetcars and subways.
 Electricity also meant factories could now
run around the clock.
Streetcar
 The
development of the internal
combustion engine lead to new kinds of
transportation such as: ocean liners,
airplanes, and automobile.
 Increased wages and lower transportation
costs led to increased sales of
manufactured goods via department
stores.
 A true world economy developed during
this time. Europe dominated the world
economy by the early 1900s.
Bell Work- Wednesday
Do you think the radio or the telephone was
the most important invention for it’s time?
Why or why not? Was there another
invention more important?
 Industrial
workers formed socialist political
parties and unions to improve their
working conditions.
 Karl Marx developed the theory they were
based on.
 In 1848 Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels
published The Communist Manifesto.
 They were appalled by industrial working
conditions and blamed capitalism. They
proposed a new social system later known
as communism.
 Marx
believed that history was dominated
by a history of class struggle between
oppressing owners and the oppressed
workers.
 He also believed that society was
becoming more divided between the
bourgeoisie and the proletariat.
 Marx predicted the proletariats would
overthrow the bourgeoisie and form a
dictatorship and this would produce a
society without classes or class conflict.
 Socialist
parties emerged across Europe.
Some socialist groups looked to violently
overthrow capitalism while others
(revisionist) looked to work with other
parties for reforms.
 Trade unions also emerged. They won
the right to strike to achieve reforms.
 By 1914 there were four million workers in
British trade unions.
Bell Ringer Thursday - 3rd Week
1. What kinds
of leisure
activities do
people engage
in now?
2. How much
time do you
spend on
leisure
activities?
Important Questions from Section 1
1. Karl Marx believed society was being
divided between the bourgeoisie and who?
 2. How did communism come to be? Check
notes on Karl Marx.
 3. What types of modes of transportation
came because of internal combustion
engine?
 4. Who invented the telephone/lightbulb?
 5. What replaced the production of iron?
 6. By 1914 about how many British workers

Read and Discuss Pg. 398
Bell Work- Friday
Class Work
List three inventions from this period of time
that has had a direct affect on our lives.
Write one paragraph explaining how each
invention has affected our lives.
3 total paragraphs, 4 sentences each.
Chapter 13 Section 2
the end of the 19th century, mass
society had emerged and the concerns of
the majority (lower class) were important.
 Between 1800 and 1900 the population in
London grew from 960,000 to 6.5 million.
 Cities grew because of rural migration to
the urban centers.
 This was because of the lack of jobs in
rural areas and improved living conditions
in the cities.
 By
 City
governments began to improve the
quality of housing and inspected buildings
for public health hazards.
 Essential to public health is clean water
and proper sewage systems.
 Dams, reservoirs, aqueducts, and tunnels
provided clean water to the cities.
 Underground pipes took sewage out of the
cities and into rivers.
Monday- Bell Ringer
1. Why does Susan B. Anthony
claim that giving women the right
to vote will benefit men as well as
women?
In 1800 family roles mainly defined women.
Women were legally to and economically
dependent on men.
 The Second Industrial Revolution opened the
door to new jobs for women.
 Women began taking jobs as secretaries,
clerks, typists, and they also expanded into
education, social work, and health.
 Modern feminism began during the
Enlightenment. The movement in the 1800’s
began with a fight for the right of women to own
property.

 Women
sought access to universities and
traditional male fields of employment.
 Florence Nightingale and Clara Barton
transformed nursing into a profession of
trained, middle class, “women in white.”
 In the 1840s women began to demand
equal political rights. The British women’s
movement was the most active in Europe.
 In 1903 Emmeline Pankhurst and her
daughters founded the Women’s Social
and Political Union.
 They
chained themselves to lampposts,
pelted politicians with eggs, and smashed
the windows of department stores to call
attention to their cause.
 Before WWI, only in Norway and some
states in the U.S. did women receive the
right to vote.
 The upheavals after WWI finally made the
male dominated governments in the West
give in on this issue.
 Universal
education was a product of the
mass society of the late 19th and early 20th
centuries.
 Before then, education was primarily for
the wealthy and upper middle class.
 Between 1870 and 1914 most Western
governments began to set up statesponsored primary schools.
 Boys and girls between 6 and 12 were
required to attend.
 The
first female colleges were really
teacher-training institutes.
 One
reason for this commitment to
education was because industries needed
skilled, knowledgeable labor.
 The
chief motive for education was
political. Extending the right to vote called
for a better-educated public.
 The
increased education increased
literacy.
 Where there was universal schooling, by
1900 most adults could read.
 In
countries such as Russia where there
was no universal schooling, almost 80% of
adults could not read.
 Increased
literacy helped spread
newspapers.
Study Guide Questions
1. Boys and girls of what age were required to
go to school?
 2. What was the most active women’s
movement in Europe?
 3. Between 1800 to 1900 what did London’s
population grow from to what?
 4. What did city governments start to ensure
happened in cities? Sewage…..etc.
 5. Why did people begin to move to big cities?
 6. Before this time who were the only people to

Bell Ringer- Tuesday
1. What roles do
men and women
have in this
cartoon? Are they
traditional?
2. Does this
cartoon support
women's
suffrage?
Social Classes
Working
Rural: Landowning
peasants, farm laborers,
sharecroppers.
Urban: artisans, laborers,
domestic servants.
Middle
Upper: industrialists,
bankers, merchants.
Lower: shopkeepers,
traders, prosperous
peasants.
Wealthy
Aristocrats,
business tycoons.
Section 3
the late 19th century, progress had
been made in establishing constitutions,
parliaments, and individual liberties in the
main European states.
 This included Great Britain, France, and
Italy.
 Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Russia
pursued policies different from other
European nations.
 By
 The
US began to expand abroad by the
end of the 19th century.
 The Samoan and Hawaiian Islands were
annexed.
 Queen Liliuokalani tried to retain control of
her kingdom in Hawaii, but the US sent in
troops.
 In 1898, the US defeated Spain in the
Spanish-American War and gained Puerto
Rico, Guam, and the Philippines.
 By 1900 the US had an empire.
 Bismarck
formed the Triple Alliance with
Austria-Hungary and Italy in 1882.
 He claimed it was a defensive alliance
against France.
 In 1890, William II fired Bismarck and
pursued a foreign policy of enhancing
Germany’s power and dropped Germany’s
alliance with Russia.
 In 1894, France and Russia made an
alliance. Great Britain later joined to form
the Triple Entente.
 Europe
was now divided into two sides.
 Balkan provinces of the Ottoman Empire
had gradually gained independence over
the 19th century. Greece, Romania,
Serbia, and Montenegro were
independent by 1878.
 Bosnia and Herzegovina were annexed
into Austria in 1908.
 The Serbs opposed the annexation
because they wanted their own nation.
Russia supported the Serbs and Germany
supported Austria.
Important Questions Section 3
1. What countries formed the Triple Entente?
2. What territories did the United States gain in the
Spanish American War?
3. After firing Bismarck who did William II drop as a
ally?
Section 4
 New
views on science developed during
the early 20th century.
 Scientist such as Marie Curie and Albert
Einstein made their marks on science.
 Curie discovered radium and studied
atoms.
 Einstein developed his theory of relativity.
 Matter was now believed to be energy,
therefore leading to the Atomic Age.
 At
the turn of the century, Dr. Sigmund
Freud proposed groundbreaking theories
about the human mind and human nature.
 Freud argued that human behavior is
strongly influenced by past and internal
forces that people are unaware of.
 To help rid people of these repressed
unconscious forces, Freud proposed a
method called psychoanalysis.
 The
combination of extreme nationalism
and racism that came out of social
Darwinism was most evident in Germany.
 Houston Stewart Chamberlain, a Briton
who became a German citizen, argued
that Germans were the only pure
successors of the Aryans and that the
Jews were the enemy of the Aryan race.
 Social Darwinism was also applied in
business as well. Successful
businessmen argued that the poor people
were just weak and lazy.
 Anti-Semitism
is hostility and
discrimination against Jews and a
significant feature of modern European
history.
 Since the Middle Ages, Jews had been
portrayed as the murderers of Christ,
subjected to mob violence, and had their
rights restricted.
 In the 19th century, Jews had increasingly
assumed positions within mainstream
European society.
The Dreyfus affair in France showed that these
gains were tenuous.
 Alfred Dreyfus, a Jewish captain in the French
army, was accused of selling military secrets.
He was convicted even though the evidence
proved his innocence and pointed to a Catholic
officer.
 Public outrage finally resulted in a new trial and
pardon for Dreyfus.
 The worst treatment of Jews was in eastern
Europe. This led to a mass emigration to the
US and Palestine.
 Zionist wanted to establish a Jewish state.

Important Questions Section 4
1. Where did the Jews of Eastern Europe
flock as a result of their bad treatment?
 2. What is Anti-Semetism?
 3. Houston Stewart Chamberlain, a Briton
who became a German citizen, argued
that Germans were the only pure
successors of who?
 4. What did Marie Curie discover?
 What did Freud believe affected human

Chapter 13 Test Tomorrow

You have had the study guide all week, so
use that as a guide to study.