Download War of 1812

War of 1812
People, places,
words and other
important stuff!
JEFFERSON’S
PRESIDENCY…
*James
Madison- secretary of
state
*Albert Gallatin – secretary
of the treasury
New republican policies…
1- Lower
Military
spending
*reduced the size of the army to
3,200 troops
*navy cut to 7 active ships
2- Get rid of
domestic taxes
Whiskey rebellion- in 1794 protests after Congress under
Hamilton’s suggestion put a tax on American made
whiskey. Protesters refused to pay taxes and tarred and
feathered the collectors. Washington sent in military
troops but the protesters scattered and no battle
happened.
*Jefferson wanted to end these taxes and close down the
agencies set up to collect them.
Republican
Congress says
YES!!!
He did keep Hamilton’s
Bank of the U.S.
Adam’s Midnight Judges…
Supreme Court was being set up- so Adams got to appoint many of the
first Judges appointed to the bench.
Jefferson and other republicans accused him of appointing these
judges up to the last minute of his office.. Hence “Midnight Judges”
These men were to receive papers telling them of their position- some
did not receive them and without their paperwork they couldn’t take
their positions. Jefferson told Madison not to hand out paperwork to
these late appointed judges to prevent to many “federalist” judges
from having lifelong appointments.
One of those men was William Marbury.
Marbury v. Madison
Chief Justice John Marshall (a Federalist) appointed by John Adams surprised
everyone when he declared that the court did not have the power to force
Congress to give Marbury his papers.
People thought that Marshall gave up some Judicial Power when in fact what he did
was create…
JUDICIAL REVIEW: the power Supreme Court has to
declare an act of Congress to be unconstitutional
(against the constitution) and then such a law is no
longer to be in force.
He showed objectivity basing his decision not in his party favor but completely
based upon the Constitution.
The Louisiana
Purchase
The French got the land from
Spain in a secret treaty .
Spain was eager to get out of
America.
Napoleon Bonaparte
A French General in 1800- he wanted to rule
the WORLD.
He wanted to send his troops to America in the
land the French had gotten from Spain.
Someone got in his way… TOUSSANT L’OUVERTURE,
the ruler of the island of Hispaniola, a
Colony where enslaved Africans had taken
over the colony in 1790.
Toussant’s troops held back Napoleon and this
defeat kept him out of America.
Port of New Orleans
Founded by the French in 1718, came
under Spanish rule in 1762.
City remained Spanish for 40 years
before French took it over again.
Important TRADE port- farmers, Native
Americans, European manufactured
goods all use this port.
Home to many languages and cultures.
Became the focus of Jefferson’s foreign
policy.
The deal …
The French were willing to part with Louisiana for a number of
reasons.
1)France was at war against Great Britain, and Napoleon didn’t want
to fight US and Great Britain at once.
2)French still had NO troops in Louisiana
3)He didn’t want more land he wanted more money to buy supplies
for his army in Europe.
4)Secretly he hoped that in making the deal with US he would be
setting up Great Britain for a different enemy in the future. (“I have
given England a rival who, sooner or later, will humble her pride.”
Napoleon Bonaparte.)
U.S. offers to buy the land for $10 million, France wants $15 million.
On October 20, 1803 U.S. Senate approves Jefferson’s request and
approves the purchase of the Louisiana Territory for $15 million.
“Empire of Liberty”
Jefferson believes that the Louisiana Purchase,
“expanded the empire of liberty,” and that it
would provide “a widespread field for the blessings
of Freedom.”
Size of the United States doubled.
The Barbary Pirates
North African kingdoms of Algiers, Morocco, Tripoli and Tunis, the
Barbary States operated Pirate Fleets.
US along with other countries paid them NOT to attack their ships.
In 1801 Tripoli upped the price. US was slow to pay so they attacked.
Jefferson sent in Marines and mercenaries, they captured a Tripoli town
and the attacks stopped.
More Trouble on
the Water…
U.S. struggled during the war French had with Britain to ship goods to either
country.
Britain passed laws to search any ship that might be carrying weapons to France.
France prevented any ships from trading with Britain.
Soldiers who wanted to flee the war would hide on merchant ships. Whenever
Found the British would force the hiding soldiers back into battle by placing
Them on warships.
IMPRESSMENT: forcing or pressing someone to fight in the army or navy.
US would get caught up by accident often trying to protect soldiers.
Chesapeake captain refused to turn over 4 running soldiers so it was attacked.
Trade War…
Many Americans wanted to go to war because of Great Britain’s violations of U.S.’s
neutrality.
Others wanted an EMBARGO, Boston Chronicle, “Our trade is our most powerful
weapon we have in our defense.”
EMBARGO: the banning of trade
The EMBARGO Act: Congress passed a law in December of 1807 banning trade
With foreign countries.
*intended to hurt Britain and France
*Actually hurt American merchants who lost money without the ability to
trade.
Non-Intercourse Act- banned trade with France, Britain and their colonies only.
Federalist Party begins to rise again! Jefferson’s popularity decreases.
Tecumseh
Both U.S. and Britain were trying to gain control of Western land in North
America.
Many American Indian nations had NOT agreed to a Treaty that gave control of
U.S. to control this Western land.
Britain wanted land too, but didn’t want to fight America so they gave military
aid and support to the American Indian nations in the Northwest Territory.
Tecumseh: A Shawnee chief, skilled military leader and
brilliant speaker who hoped to unite American Indians
from the Northwest territory, the South and Eastern
Missouri Valley to stop American settlers.