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Imperialism Africa Imperialism – the takeover of a country or territory by a stronger nation with the intent of dominating the political, economic, and social life of the people Africa Causes of Imperialism Industrial Revolution Need for raw materials Need for people to trade with Nationalism My country’s better Social Darwinism = Survival of the fittest = war White Man’s Burden White people were superior and therefore need to teach other races Christianity needs to spread Dr. Livingstone and Henry Stanley Africa Problem with Africa = malaria delivered by mosquitoes However, Europe solved that problem with the drug quinine Africa Stanley comes back and has African tribes in Congo sign away their land to Belgium Congo was 80 times larger than Belgium Africa How did they do it? Better weapons (machine guns) Steam Engines = railroads, steamers Africans fought against each other and not against Europeans Other countries started to follow Belgium Africa To prevent fighting, the European nations met at the Berlin Conference to lay down rules for the division of Africa No African nation was represented Africa Cecil Rhodes led Britain into Africa and found Diamond mines = DeBeers company started Also wanted a railroad from South Africa to North Africa to transport diamonds Africa Some Africans fought back In southern Africa, Shaka Zulu fought against Boers = lost because of no superior weapons Africa Algeria under Samori Toure actively resisted the French for 16 years Religious resistants like the Maji Maji rebellion against the Germans happened often (German killed 26,000 with machine guns) Africa Ethiopia under Menelik II successfully resisted using modern weapons to defeat the Italians at the Battle of Adowa Only African country to remain free Africa One other African country stayed independent Liberia because it was protected by the US US sent some slaves back to Africa and that was the country they created Positives Local warfare was reduced Life spans increased Literacy increased Technology advanced Negatives Africans lost control of land and independence Many died from smallpox Famines as cash crops replaced food Breakdown of traditional cultures Africa was divided badly Ottoman Ottoman Empire started to collapse Ottoman European countries began to take territory away from the Ottoman Empire Examples: Greece and Serbia becoming independent Examples: Crimean War = Russia fighting for ports on the Black Sea Ottoman Florence Nightingale Ottoman Muhammad Ali took control of Egypt from the Ottomans Under his heirs, the Suez Canal was built; it connected the Mediterranean Sea with the Red Sea, so travelers did not have to go all the way around Africa. Ottoman Britain soon took the Suez Canal from Egypt because of debts Europe took away land for its strategic location or products = geopolitics Ottoman USA USA also becomes imperialistic using the Monroe Doctrine which says no European nation can colonize the West A ship of ours called the USS Maine blew up in a Spanish harbor in Cuba = Spanish-American War USA We won and received Spanish territory in the Caribbean and the Pacific Caribbean = Puerto Rico, Cuba Pacific = Philippines, Guam USA Philippines under Emilio Aguinaldo fought the US because we said we would give them independence and we did not, but lost USA US led by sugar planter Sanford Dole also took Hawaii from Queen Liliuokalani We did this because we needed a naval base in the Pacific and cheap sugar USA The US also helped build the Panama Canal which connected the Atlantic and the Pacific Oceans in Central America British Empire East India Company came to India and soon took over India It had its own army and controlled the Indian government British Empire India has a lot of raw materials and 300 million people to buy British goods It was soon called “jewel in the crown” British Empire India was just one territory under Britain ruled by Queen Victoria Their empire was so large that people said “the sun never sets on the Empire” Southeast Asia Dutch took control of Indonesia France took control of Southeast Asia China China would not trade with Europeans The Europeans illegally started selling opium to the Chinese. Then trade flourished. China The Chinese government told Europe no more opium and Europe said no = Opium War Europe had modern weapons and opened up China to trade China Hong Xiuquan led the Taiping Rebellion against China. It took ten years to put the rebellion down. China Another rebellion happened in China, this time against foreigners Boxer rebellion attacked foreigners in China until it was put down by the Europeans China Because of that war, Europe was able to carve out spheres of influence from China Spheres of influence are areas where a foreign nation controls trade and $ Japan Japan did not want to trade either US under Matthew Perry with our modern navy opened the ports of Japan to foreigners for trade Japan The shogunate who allowed the US in was overthrown The emperor took over and modernized Japan. This reign was called the Meji Restoration Japan’s Imperialism In 20 years, Japan attacked China and took over Korea. Japan also invaded Manchuria where Russia was and Russia went to war against Japan = RussoJapanese War Japan Japan amazingly won and became a new world power