Download Enlightenment and French Revolution

The French Revolution
Chapter 20 Sec 1 Pages 593599

Liberty


Equality
Fraternity
1
How do you know when a system is
unfair?
What you will learn

Problems in French society led to a
revolution, the formation of a new
government, and the end of the
monarchy.

http://youtu.be/lTTvKwCylFY
Crash Course
4
Key Concept:

How did the Enlightenment evolve and affect society and
government?
◦ The scientific revolution shattered long-held views about
the universe.
 This encouraged Enlightenment thinkers to question
society and government:
◦
◦
◦
◦
Locke (contract between government and governed)
Montesquieu (checks and balances)
Rousseau (individual freedom and civilization corrupts)
Voltaire (freedom of thought and expression)
◦ Their beliefs in the natural rights of man inspired the
American and French Revolutions.
◦ These ideas were RADICAL!
5
Key Concept…
Scientific
revolution
New
thinking
encouraged
New
thinking
leads to
revolutions
in America
and France
6
Ingredients for RevolutionMonoarchy

Monarchy: Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette
◦ Put country in debt
 Supporting American Revolution
 Personal luxuries
◦ Louis XVI
 Weak leader
◦ Couldn’t control country’s spending
◦ Couldn’t control wife’s spending
Ingredients for RevolutionMarie- Antoinette
Louis XVI Wife
 From Austria

◦ Traditional enemy of France

People of France hated her
◦ Austrian Whore

Frivolous and self indulgent
Marie
Antoinette
and the
Royal
Children
Marie Antoinette’s
“Peasant Cottage”
Marie Antoinette’s
“Peasant Cottage”
The Necklace Scandal
1,600,000 livres
[$100 million today]
Ingredients for Revolution
Inspiration

1688: Glorious/Bloodless Revolution in England
removes James II
◦ William and Mary take over
 No more Catholic kings or queens
 No more absolute monarchy
◦ Parliament
◦ Bill of Rights


Enlightenment ideas
American Revolution (1776) and Constitution
(1789)
13
Ingredients for RevolutionInequalities
 The
Estates in France
◦ 1st Estate = clergy = wealthy/no taxes = privileged
◦ 2nd Estate = nobles = wealthy/few taxes = privileged
◦ 3rd Estate = everybody else
 Bourgeoisie/middle class = some wealth = high taxes
= some rights
◦ Bankers
◦ Merchants
◦ Professionals
◦ Business owners
 Sans Culottes
◦ Farmers and peasants
Socio-Economic Data, 1789
Ingredients for RevolutionFinancial Crisis

France is in debt
◦ Wars
◦ Versailles
◦ Kings spending on himself and wife

Tried to tax the 2nd Estate
◦ They refused
Ingredients for RevolutionFinancial Crisis

Hailstorm and drought in Summer 1788
◦ Ruined crops
◦ No food to feed people

Harsh winter in 1788
◦
◦
◦
◦
Froze rivers
Water wheels froze in grain mills
No food for the people
No money for owners
Hunger and cold grew to misery
 Misery became anger
 1st and 2nd class could have help by ending tax
exemptions but refused

The French Urban Poor
80
70
60
50
1787
1788
40
30
20
10
0
% of Income Spent on Bread
Financial Problems
in France, 1789
a Urban Commoner’s
Budget:
–
–
–
–
–
–
Food
Rent
Tithe
Taxes
Clothing
TOTAL
80%
25%
10%
35%
20%
170%
a King’s Budget:
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Interest
Army
Versailles
Coronation
Loans
Admin.
TOTAL
50%
25%
25%
10%
25%
25%
160%
French Budget, 1774
Ingredients for Revolution…
Needed more money = taxes on the 2nd Estate
◦ 1789: 2nd Estate forces Louis to call a meeting of
Estates-General
 First such meeting in 175 years
 Purpose was to tax the 3rd Estate
 First two estates could out vote the 3rd
Estate, even though the 3rd Estate had
more people.
 The 3rd Estate wants a change in the voting process
◦ representation
◦ Louis sides with 1st and 2nd Estates
21
The Number of Representatives
in the Estates General: Vote by Head!
300
Clergy
1st Estate
Aristocracy
2nd Estate
300
648
Commoners
3rd Estate
The Suggested Voting Pattern:
Voting by Estates
1
1
Clergy
1st Estate
Aristocracy
2nd Estate
1
Commoners
3rd Estate
Louis XIV insisted that the ancient distinction of the
three orders be conserved in its entirety.

What caused the French Revolution?\
◦ Enlightenment ideas; poor leadership; financial
crisis; hunger and cold

What groups made up the 1st and 2nd
Estate?
◦ 1st- clergy; 2nd- nobles

What are some possible reasons for the
reluctance of the 1st and 2nd estate to
eliminate tax exemptions?
◦ Pride; tradition; lack of empathy for 3rd Estate
What’s Happening?
The Fuse Is Lit!

The 3rd estate was upset that there request to
vote individually was ignored
They would declare themselves a Legislature

The king NOW would take action

The 3rd Estate meet at in indoor tennis court and
declared they would not leave until they wrote a
constitution for France

◦ Right to make laws for France
◦ By locking them out of the General Assembly
◦ Tennis Court Oath

The king would finally given and gave each
representative a vote
◦ Creates a Monarchy not Absolute
“The Tennis Court Oath”
by Jacques Louis David
June 20, 1789
The Revolution Goes Off!

Rumors
◦ King to use military against National Assembly
◦ King to send troops to Paris to massacre French citizens
 In order to preserve the Monarchy


Citizens arm themselves with whatever they can
July 14, 1789: The Bastille prison is stormed by a mob
looking for weapons
◦ Release prisoners (7)
◦ Take some guards hostage and killed others
27
The Great Fear Spreads


Peasants fear retaliation on part of King for
Storming of the Bastille
Rumor
◦ Nobles hiring outlaws to attack peasants

Citizens (peasants) break into houses of nobles
◦ Destroy legal papers (can’t owe
king or lord what can’t be
proved)
◦ Kill nobles
◦ Burn houses

A chateau burns as peasants
riot in the countryside
28

What happened during the 1st events of the
Revolution?
◦ 3rd Estate demanded more representation and right; mob
stormed the Bastille; rumors of retaliation spread

Did the National Assembly created by the 3rd
estate have the right to make laws for all of
France?
◦ Yes, they represented 97% of the population

Why did the mob storm the Bastille?
◦ To look for weapons

What did the people fear after the fall of the
Bastille?
◦ The king would punish them and end the revolution
What’s Happening
Statement of Revolutionary Ideals

August 1789: National Assembly adopts Declaration of the
Rights of Man and of the Citizen
◦ Influenced by Enlightenment & U.S. Declaration of
Independence
 “Men are born and remain
free and equal in rights.”
◦ Rights included







Liberty
Property
Security
Resistance to oppression
Equal justice
Freedom of speech
Freedom of religion
 Revolutionary leaders adopt
“Liberty, Equality, Fraternity”
as motto (fraternity = brotherhood)

Illustration of Declaration
of the Rights of Man and
of the Citizen
30
The Great Fear Spreads…

Alarmed by National Assemblies actions
Louis calls in troops to protect the throne
in Versailles

Afraid the King would try to crush the
revolution the people would react
The Great Fear Spreads…

: Women riot at Versailles over cost of bread
◦ Demands:
 bread
 King and queen agree to return to
Paris
Louis will agree

August 1789: Great Fear spreads to
clergy and nobles, more of whom now
(out of fear) support National
Assembly
◦ National Assembly ends Estate
system
◦ Commoners/peasants now equal to
clergy and nobles
◦ Now encouraged the Assembly will take even bolder steps
32
State-Controlled Church

National Assembly goes
after Catholic Church
◦ Takes lands
 Sale of church lands
helps pay off French debt
◦ Declares clergy will be
elected and paid as state
officials

Cartoon: “The Zenith of French Glory;
The Pinnacle of Liberty.” A French
revolutionary watches a beheading
while resting his foot on the head of a
hanging clergyman.
33
Formation of a new Government
Sept 3rd, 1791
 National Assembly creates new legislative
body

◦ (Constitutional Monarchy)

Citizens gain voting rights
◦ Male
◦ Over 25
◦ Taxpayers

Kept monarchy but restricts kings power

How did the French create a new nation?
◦ National assemble completes a constitution; restricted
kings power; gave citizens broad rights; ended
monarchy

What was the outcome of the women's march on
Versailles?
◦ Louis made peace with the crowd and agreed to return to
Paris?

Why did the National Assembly turn the clergy
into public employees?
◦ They wanted the clergy to be accountable to the public;
not part of a separate institution
What’s Happening?
Royals Arrested


Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette try to sneak out
of country
Feared they were not safe
◦ Arrested near Austrian border
◦ Attempted escape made revolutionaries even angrier at
royalty

Arrest of Louis
XVI and his
Family,
Varennes,
1791
36
Intervention of Foreign powers

Austria and Prussia issue declaration of
warning against harming the French
Monarchs
◦ Such action will provoke war
◦ Austria sent 50K troops to French Boarder
◦ French Legislative Assembly declared war

French are defeated
◦ Causes
 Lack of funds
 Food shortages
 High Prices
◦ Results
 People blame king
 Fear revolution will be
overturned
War and Execution…
 Revolutionary have noting to lose w/ mob action
 Take Louis and family prisoners and demoted
to commoner status
◦ Mobs raid prisons
◦ murder over 1,000 nobles
 = September Massacres

Radicals force- Radicals take control

New government 1st acts
◦ Legislative Assembly votes itself out- fear of radicals
◦ Creation of a new government, National Convention

Abolishes monarchy
Declares France a republic

Illustration by Armand
Fouquier of the September
Massacres
38

What challenges were Face by the people
of France in August of 1792?
◦ Mob violence, foreign invasion, unstable
government
What's Happening
Review your notes about the causes and effects of
the French Revolution. Then use the graphic
organizer to list the causes and the immediate
effects of the French Revolution.
List 3 (5 Points)
THE REPUBLIC
Chapter 20 Sec 2
Pages 601-606
 You
are a member of one of the
French estates. Write a short letter
to the editor of the newspaper,
arguing for or against each
representative to the EstatesGeneral having one vote.
Bellringer 20.2
 An
extreme government changed
French society and tried through
harsh means to eliminate its critics
within France.
What you will Learn
Divisions Develop
All members of the National Convention Supported the
revolution
split revolutionaries
◦ Radicals/(Jacobians/ Montagards) Left: get rid of king,
redo government
◦ Moderates/ (Girondins) Center: wanted some
changes in government
◦ Conservatives/ (The Plain)Right: wanted to keep
a limited monarchy with few changes in government
44
Radical Leaders

Jean Paul Marat- Advocated violence
◦ Leader of Sans-culottes (the lower-class in
Paris) wanted even more radical change
◦ They had no power in the assembly (but that
didn’t stop them!)

Two illustrations of sans-culottes
Radical Leaders

George-Jacques Danton
◦
◦
◦
◦

Violent agitator
Compromiser
Popular with public
Didn’t like revolutions excesses
Maximiliem Robespierre
◦ Dedicated to revolution
◦ Became increasing radical
◦ Led National revolution
during it’s bloodiest time
War and Execution…

National Convention, led by radical Jacobians put
Louis XVI on trial and sentence him to death
◦ January 21, 1793: Louis beheaded by guillotine.

War with Prussia continues.
◦ Prussia and Austria are joined by
 England
 Holland
 Spain
◦ National Convention
takes extreme step of
ordering a draft of men
and women

Illustration of the
execution of Louis
XVI
47

“They have killed our King; chased
away our priests; sold the goods of our
Church; eaten everything we have; and
now they want to take our bodies. No,
they shall not have them!”

Peasants begin to be against the
revolution
Transforming Society
Leaders of new government tried to erase
all connections to old ways
 1793: Maximilien Robespierre gains
power

◦ Vowed to build a “republic of virtue” by erasing
France’s past.
◦ Clergy lost positions
◦ Churches closed in Paris
◦ Robespierre created new church
 Cult of Supreme Being
◦ People changed title of Bible to Rights of Man
◦ Changed to metric System
◦ New calendars with new names for months
Transforming Society
.
To erase connections
with royalty, makers of
playing cards replaced
the traditional images of
kings and queens with
revolutionary ideals. For
example, in place of the
queens were the
freedoms of worship,
marriage, the press, and
the professions
Instead of stiff fussy
dresses, women began
to wear light, loose
ones that recalled the
styles of ancient
Greece—much admired
for its democracy.
Household items also
showed revolutionary
themes. Here, a
wallpaper panel displays
revolutionary slogans and
a red Phrygian (FRI-jeeuhn) cap. The Phrygian
cap became a popular
symbol of the Revolution
because freed slaves of
ancient Rome wore such
caps.
Divisions…

Many groups in France fighting for power
◦ Peasants loyal to Catholic Church and/or king
◦ Clergy resisting government control
◦ Rival leaders in different regions of France
◦ Catholic and Royal Armies begin a counter
revolution in Western France
51
Reign of Terror

Reign of Terror = Robespierre = leader of
Committee of Public Safety
(Revolutionary Tribunal) and virtual dictator
◦ Goal = protect revolution from its enemies
 Bogus arrests, trials
 Lots of torture and death
◦ Many “enemies of the revolution” = personal
enemies of Robespierre because of their
challenges to his power
◦ Apprx. 17,000 killed in 10 months
◦ 85% = peasants or middle class, those
who were supposed to benefit from the
revolution
◦ Foreign opposition is increased due to Reign
of Terror
52
End of Terror

1794: Fearing for own safety, members of
National Convention turn on Robespierre
◦ Demand his arrest and execution
 Reign of Terror ends on July 28, 1794
with Robespierre’s execution
◦ Public opinion shifts
 Tired of terror
 Tired of inflation for necessities
53
A New Government
◦ 1795: National Convention creates third
government since 1789
 Gives more power to upper middle class
 Creates two-house legislature (like U.S.
Congress)
 Created Directory = five men acting as
executive body (like U.S. president)
Directory is weak and corrupt
Directory fall into patterns of Old Regime
Frances troubles will continues
UNTIL…………

Why wasn’t the Reign of Terror ended
sooner?
◦ If people challenged the policy, they would be
tried and executed

What was the new governing board called?
◦ The directory

Why was this new government ineffective?
◦ They were weak and corrupt; fell into patterns of
Old Regime
What’s Happening
Categorize Review your notes about changes
during the French Revolution. Then use the
interactive graphic organizer to chart the ways in
which
the French Revolution affected the daily
.
lives of the French people.
Napoleon’s Europe
Chapter 20 Sec 3 Pages 608-613

Write and present a short speech
describing the ways you think the Reign of
Terror has changed your life.
Bell Ringer 20.3
 Napoleon
Bonaparte rose
through military ranks to
become emperor over France
and much of Europe.
What you will learn

Napoleon Biography - Facts, Birthday, Life
Story - Biography.com
Napoleon’s Rise to Power
a Earlier military career  the Italian Campaigns:
 1796-1797  he conquered most of northern
Italy for France, and had
developed a taste for governing.
 In northern Italy, he moved to suppress religious
orders, end serfdom, and limit age-old noble
privilege.
Napoleon’s Rise to Power
a Earlier military career  the Egyptian Campaign:
 1798  he
was defeated by a British navy under
Admiral Horatio Nelson, who destroyed the French
fleet at the Battle of the Nile.
 Abandoning his troops in Egypt, Napoleon returned
to France and received a hero’s welcome!
The Creation of the Consulate
a With the government in disarray,
a Directory is weak
a Napoleon launched a successful coup d’
etat on November 9, 1799.
a Supporters overthrew directory
a A new government, the Consulate, was
created with Napoleon and 2 others
holding the 3 positions.
a This is a strong centralized government
Napoleon as “First Consul”
a He proclaimed himself “First
Consul” [Julius Caesar’s title] and
did away with the elected
Assembly [appointing a Senate
instead].

In 1802, he made himself sole
“Consul for Life.”-Dictator

Two years later he proclaimed
himself “Emperor.”

Held a plebiscite (yes/no vote by
public) for each constitutional
change.

The public loves him as he bring
order to a chaotic country
“Napoleon crowning
himself emperor”
The Government of the Consulate
a Council of State


Proposed the laws.
Served as a Cabinet & the
highest court.
a Tribunate
 Debated laws, but did not
vote on them.
a Legislature

Voted on laws, but did not discuss or debate them.
a Senate

Had the right to review and veto legislation.
How did Napoleon rise to power?
 How did Napoleon use French citizens to
gain power?
 How did Napoleon become dictator of
France?
 Did Napoleon achieve more by his
victories or by covering up his defeats?

What’s Happening
Napoleonic Wars
His goal is to conquer all of Europe
 Napoleonic wars are extensions of wars between
France and Europe

◦ He did manage to control most of Europe with treaties,
alliances and war


These wars kept France at war till 1815
Frances greatest Enemy was Great Britain
◦ Great Britain organized a series of coalitions with other
countries against France
◦ Napoleon knew he could not feat Europe without
defeating Great Britain
Continental System
Napoleon wanted to weaken Great Britain
Finances
 He knew that Great Britain economy
depended on over seas trade
 Continental System

◦ Prohibited French or allied merchants from
trading with Great Britain
◦ Great Britain responded by making all ships
from neutral countries stop in Great Britain fro
permission to trade with France
The Continental System
How did Emperor Napoleon come to
dominate Europe?
 Was a blockade of Great Britain a good
strategy?
 How did the continental system affect
countries beyond Europe?

What’s happening
Peninsular Campaign: 1808-1814
1808: France 
Continental
System
 Spain
Portugal
England
e Portugal did not comply with the Continental System.
e France wanted Spain’s support to invade Portugal.
e Spain refused, so Napoleon invaded Spain as well!
“The Spanish Ulcer”
a
Napoleon tricked the Spanish
Bourbon king, Charles V, to
come to France, where he
imprisoned him.
a
He proclaimed his brother,
Joseph, to be the new king of
Spain.
a
He stationed over 100,000
French troops in Madrid.
a
On May 2, 1808 [Dos de
Mayo] the Spanish rose up in
rebellion.
a
French troops fired on the
crowd in Madrid the next day
[Tres de Mayo].
“Third of May, 1808” by Goya (1810)
“The Spanish Ulcer”
a
Napoleon now poured 500,00
troops into Spain over the next
few years.
a
But, the French generals still had
trouble subduing the Spanish
population.
a
The British viewed this uprising
as an opportunity to weaken
Napoleon.

a
They moved an army into
Portugal to protect that country
and to aid the Spanish guerillas.
In 1814, after 5 long years of savage fighting, French troops
were finally pushed back across the Pyrenees Mountains out of
Spain.
Napoleon’s Empire in 1810
Napoleon’s Family Rules!
Jerome Bonaparte  King of Westphalia.
Joseph Bonaparte  King of Spain
Louise Bonaparte  King of Holland
Pauline Bonaparte  Princess of Italy
Napoléon Francis Joseph
Charles (son) King of
Rome
e Elisa Bonaparte  Grand
Duchess of Tuscany
e Caroline Bonaparte  Queen
of Naples
e
e
e
e
e
Napoleon’s Family & Friends/Allies

Do you think placing ones relatives in
power an effective way to lead a nation or
territory?
What’s Happening?
a By 1807, Napoleon
dominates
Continental Europe.
a Brings reforms to
the conquered lands
a Strips away power
of the nobility and
privilege system
throughout Europe
“Napoleon on His Imperial Throne”
1806, Jean Auguste Dominique Ingres
Concordat of 1801
a Napoleon wanted to heal
the divisions within the
Catholic Church that had
developed after the
confiscation of Church
property and the Civil
Constitution of the Clergy.
a But, Napoleon’s clear intent
was to use the clergy to
prop up his regime.
Concordat of 1801
a
Catholicism was declared the religion of the majority
of Frenchmen.
a
Papal acceptance of church lands lost
during the Revolution.
a
Bishops subservient to the regime.
a
Eventually, Pope Pius VII renounced
the Concordat, and Napoleon had him
brought to France and placed under
house arrest.
Code Napoleon, 1804
a
It divides civil law into:



Personal status.
Property.
The acquisition of
property.
a
Its purpose was to reform the
French legal code to reflect the
principles of the Fr. Revolution.
a
Create one law code for France.
Napoleon and His Code
The Influence of the Napoleonic Code
Wherever it was implemented [in the conquered territories],
the Code Napoleon swept away feudal property relations.
Free Public Education
a
Established by Napoleon in 1801 as an educational reform.
a
Created government supervised public school system of uniform
education standards.
Legion of Honor, 1802
a
Society created for public
recognition to those who had
given distinguished military
and civil service to France.
a
Based on merit, not social
status.
Napoleon Established the
Banque de France, 1800
a Everyone was expected to
pay taxes – no exceptions
a Introduced a stable currency
& balanced budget
a Debts were paid off
a Businesses were encouraged.
What were Napoleon’s most important
policies
 Describe the Napoleonic code?
 How well did Napoleon implement the
principles of the French Revolution?
 Why do you think historians may hold
different views of Napoleon?

What’s happening?
GROG 20.3
 Review your notes about Napoleon’s rise
to power. Then use the interactive graphic
organizer to show the sequence of events
that led to his rise to power.

Napoleon's Fall and Europe
Reaction

Chapter 20 Section 4 Pages 614-619
 After
defeating Napoleon, the
European allies sent him into
exile and held a meeting in
Vienna to restore order and
stability to Europe.
What you will learn
 Do
you think you would have
welcomed Napoleon as a
dictator? Why or why not?
5
points
 7 sentence minimum
Bellringer 20.4
The “Big Blunder” -- Russia
a
In July, 1812 Napoleon led his
Grand Armee of 614,000 men
eastward across central Europe
and into Russia.
a Many of troops were from
conquered lands and felt no
loyalty to Napoleon

The Russians avoided a direct
confrontation with Napoleon.

They retreated to Moscow, drawing the French into the
interior of Russia [hoping that it’s size and the weather
(summer heat) would act as “support” for the Russian cause].

The Russian nobles abandoned their estates and burned their
crops to the ground, leaving the French to operate far from
their supply bases in territory stripped of food.
Napoleon’s Troops at the Gates of Moscow
a
September 14, 1812  Napoleon reached Moscow,
but the city had largely been abandoned.
a
The Russians had set fire to the city.
Moscow Is On Fire!
Napoleon’s Retreat

Russian’s force Napoleon to retreat over
same scorched fields
◦
◦
◦
◦
Harsh winter
No food
No supplies
No fun
Russian peasants make isolated attacks
on French Troops
 Napoleon leaves troops and heads back to
Paris via sleigh

Napoleon’s Retreat
from Moscow (Early 1813)
100,000 French troops retreat—40,000 survive!
What strategic moves did Russian forces
make?
 How did Russia’ physical geography affect
Napoleon's invasion?

What’s Happening?
The 6th Coalition
1813-1814: France New
inexperienced
troops
Napoléon’s
Defeat
 Britain, Russia.
Spain, Portugal,
Prussia, Austria,
Sweden, smaller
German states
Napoleon’s Defeat at Leipzig
(October 16-17, 1813)
“Battle of the Nations”
Napoleon Surrenders!
e
Allied forces occupied Paris on March 31, 1814.
e
Napoleon surrenders on April 6 in favor of his
son, but the Allies insisted on unconditional
surrender.
e
Napoleon surrenders again on April 11.
e
Treaty of Fontainbleau  exiles Napoleon to
Elba with an annual income of 2,000,000
francs.
e
The royalists took control and restored
Louis XVIII to the throne.
Napoleon’s Surrender
Napoleon in Exile on Elba
e
Island located between
Corsica and Italy
Louis XVIII (r. 1814-1824)
e
Louis Stanislas Xavier
was brother of Louis
XVI (Louis-Auguste)
e
e
Restored Monarchy
People of France fear
the return of the Old
Regime
“The War of the
1815: France 
e
th
7
Napoleon’s
“100 Days”
Coalition”
 Britain, Russia.
Prussia, Austria,
Sweden, smaller
German states
Napoleon escaped Elba and landed in France on
March 1, 1815  the beginning of his 100 Days.
Napoleons return to power




He is declared an outlaw
Rumors of his return to France spread
Louis the XVII flees to Belgium
People of France are split
◦ Some were excited for his return
◦ The despise him fro dragging them through
years of war
◦ They send troops to arrest him
◦ These troops upon finding him pledge loyality
to him instead
Battle of Waterloo
Napoleon enemies gathered for another
show down
 British troops led by Duke of Wellington
(Great Britain) met Napoleon at the
Belgium town of Waterloo
 Prussia come to the aid of Great Britain
 Together the 2 forces defeat Napoleon at
Waterloo

◦ This end Napoleons military career and the
Napoleonic wars
Napoleon’s Defeat at Waterloo
(June 18, 1815)
Duke
of
Wellington
Prussian
General
Blücher
Napoleon
was exiled to
St. Helena
off the coast of
Africa
Napoleon’s Residence on St. Helena
Napoleon’s Tomb
He died 6 years later
Why do you think Napoleon was exiled
rather than placed in prison?
 If you lived in France at the time, would
you have supported Napoleon's return?

What’s happening?
Congress of Vienna
Purpose of this meeting was to restore
order to Europe and stability to Europe
after the turmoil that Napoleon had
caused
 Wanted to put down a revolution where
ever it might appear
 Wanted to remove all traces of French
revolution and Napoleons rule

Congress of Vienna
Redrawing the map
 Idea was to strengthen the countries
bordering France
 Countries that aided France lost territory

◦ Countries that fought France gained territory

France had to pay indemnities
◦ Payment to other countries that were damaged
during wars

Monarchies were restored that were
destroyed by war
118
Europe at Peak of
French Empire
Europe Post
Congress of Vienna
119
Metternich’s Influence

Prince Klemens von Metternich- Austria
◦ Key player in Congress of Vienna
◦ Wanted to restore Europe to pre Napoleon ages
◦ Distrusted Democracy- pro monarch
 Hated, Constitutions, Voting Rights, Freedom of
religion, Freedom of press

Influenced Europe
◦ Germany, Austria, Northern Italy
Had spies against people who spoke bad
about this ideas
 Responsible for suppressing liberal
revolution ideas

120
Why did the Congress of Vienna want to
suppress all revolutions?
 How was it decided which nations gained
territories and which nations lost it?
 Do you think France was treated fairly by
the Congress of Vienna?

What’s happening?
Was the French Revolution a
Success or Failure?
Failure
Monarchs ruled
most of France
 Citizens right were
restricted
 Nobles gained
privileges or
glittering lifestyles



Success
Monarchs and Nobles were
not secured in their
privileged positions
Enlightenment ideas would
never go away
◦ Human dignity, personal liberty,
equality


People had taken control of
their destiny
Inspired/influenced people
for the next 200 years
Worldwide
122

Review your notes about the last years of
Napoleon’s rule and the changes that took
place after his fall from power. Then use
the interactive graphic organizer to
describe possible long-term results of the
French Revolution.