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Aim – How does my body fight illnesses? Do Now How might disease organisms spread to a person in this setting? Aim – How does my body fight illness? What causes disease ? Where do infectious diseases come from? PATHOGENS!!!!!! Pathogens are bacteria, viruses, or protists Not all microorganisms are pathogens Aim – How does my body fight illness? Aim – How does my body fight illness? Aim – How does my body fight illness? Aim – How does my body fight illness? Transmission or Spread of Disease How do the pathogens infect humans? Through Direct contact -Objects – pathogens living on non living things Indirect- coughing or sneezing into the air Vectors – mostly through arthropods (like insects) Aim – How does my body fight illness? Sick? Being sick is when you have some sort of infectious disease Ex- Cold Also this infectious disease causes something called an immune response Aim – How does my body fight illness? Immune response What is the immune response? Your body tries to kill the pathogens and cure you Includes fevers, rushing blood to affected areas, stomach acid etc. How does this happen?? White blood cells are important Aim – How does my body fight illness? Why? Why do we need the immune system? To protect us and keep us healthy Without it we would die easily Aim – How does my body fight illness? How? How does the immune system protect us? Our first line of defense is our skin- a great barrier . Chemical Defense- saliva, tears, mucus and stomach acid helps to kill pathogens. What happens when you get a splinter? The area becomes red, warm and inflamed(swollen) Cells called phagocytes rush to the area and eat the bacteria Fever-another defense for the body White Blood Cells Aim – How does my body fight illness? White blood cells Some white blood cells “eat” pathogens Others label pathogens as bad Some kill pathogens Some kill infected cells Aim – How does my body fight illness? How are invaders recognized? Antigens (Antibody-generator) chemical name tags on the surface of every cell ○ “self” vs. “invader” one of your own cells disease-causing virus disease-causing bacteria antigens say: “I belong here” antigens say: “I am an invader” antigens say: “I am an invader” Aim – How does my body fight illness? Antibiotics Antibiotics are medicines that kill bacteria only, not viruses Should only be used with bacterial infections Some bacteria are resistant against antibiotics Overuse of antibiotics can create resistant strains resistant Regents Question Antibiotics are substances used to help fight an infection of Streptococcus, a bacterium that causes strep throat. Overuse of these antibiotics can (1) prevent future infections by these pathogens (2) cause a decrease in the production of enzymes (3) allow organic molecules to be synthesized (4) select for resistant organisms Regents question Cells of the immune system are able to respond to the presence of invading organisms because they recognize the (1) antigens present on the invaders (2) antibodies present in invading pathogens (3) DNA pattern in the nuclei of viruses (4) antibiotics released from microbes