Download The Nervous and Integumentary Systems

Chapter 3, Lesson 4
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Job: Carries messages to and from the brain,
spinal cord, and all other parts of the body
 Tells the body how to respond to its environment.
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Divided into two parts:
 Central Nervous System
 Peripheral Nervous System
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Central Nervous
System:
 Made up of the brain
and spinal cord.
▪ Brain: center for thinking
▪ Spinal cord: Thick band of
nerve cells that runs
through the backbone.
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Peripheral Nervous
System:
 Made up of all the nerves
that branch out from the
spinal cord to the
muscles, skin, internal
organs, and glands.
▪ 12 Nerves branch out from
the brain
▪ 31 branch out from the
spinal cord
The brain receives
sensory messages,
interprets them, and
sends responses.
2. 12 pairs of Cranial
Nerves connect
directly to the brain.
They control the
senses and then
muscles in the head
and neck.
1.
The Spinal Cord is
made up of highly
organized nerve
tissue.
4. Spinal nerves branch
off from the spinal
cord and connect the
brain and the spinal
cord with specific
muscles and organs.
3.
The Nervous System
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The brain is a mass of nervous tissue with
three major parts.
 Cerebrum: Controls the senses, thought, speech,
and voluntary actions.
 Cerebellum: Coordinates muscle activity.
 Brain Stem: Connects the brain to the spinal cord.
▪ Medulla: Controls involuntary actions, like breathing.
1.
What part of the brain helps a gymnast
maintain balance while doing a routine?
1.
Which part of the brain are you using to
answer this question?
2.
Which part keeps you alive? What does it
do?
1.
Cerebellum
2.
Cerebrum; because it controls thinking and
muscle movement
3.
The medulla; it controls breathing and heart
rate.
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Our brain can “play tricks on us.”
http://www.brainbashers.com/opticalillusions
.asp
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Left Brain Functions:
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* Uses logic
* Detail oriented
* Facts rule*
Words and language*
Present and past*
Math and science*
Comprehension*
Knowing*
Acknowledges*
Order/pattern perception*
Knows object name*
Reality based*
Forms strategies*
Practical*
Safe
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Right Brain Functions:
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* Uses feeling
* “Big picture” oriented
* Imagination rules*
Symbols and images*
Present and future*
Philosophy and religion*
Gets the “meaning”*
Believes*
Appreciates*
Spatial perception*
Knows object function*
Fantasy based*
Presents possibilities*
Impetuous*
Risk taking
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Neurons are a single
nerve cell.
 Sensory neurons carry
messages from sense
organs to the spinal cord
and brain.
 Motor neurons carry
messages from the brain
and spinal cord and tell
your muscles and glands
what to do.
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Spinal Cord Injuries: http://www.cdc.gov/ncipc/factsheets/sciprevention.htm
 Damage to the head, neck, or body can injure the
spinal cord.
 Severe weakness, loss of sensation, or paralysis
can result.
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Head Injuries: http://www.cdc.gov/ncipc/factsheets/tbi.htm
 Violent blow to the head can permanently
damage brain tissue, nerves, and blood vessels
surrounding the brain.
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Cerebral Palsy:
 Might be caused by:
▪ A head injury
▪ A defect or injury to the brain before or during childbirth
▪ Lead poisoning
▪ Unintentional injury
 Effects range from mild weakness in the arms and
legs to lack of muscle coordination, speech
impairment, and paralysis
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Cerebral Palsy:
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Picture from: http://www.thespasticcentre.org.au/about_cp/what_is_cp.htm
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Meningitis:
 Infection of the membranes the cover the brain
and spinal cord
 Symptoms include fever, headache, and vomiting
Picture from: http://www.hipusa.com/webmd/encyclopedia/
meningitis/index4.html
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Epilepsy:
 Marked by seizures
▪ Seizures: short periods of uncontrollable muscle activity
 May be caused by a small area of brain damage
 http://www.epilepsy.com/node/3004?print=true
 http://www.epilepsy.com/node/3006
1.
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5.
Get plenty of sleep and rest.
Avoid alcohol and other drugs.
Use a seat belt when riding in a car.
Wear a helmet for sports.
Follow safety rules.