Download 神经系统 nervous system

PART V
THE NERVOUS SYSTEM
Chapter 16 General Description
Chapter 17 The Central Nervous System
Chapter 18 The Peripheral Nervous System
Chapter 19 The Nervous Pathways
Chapter 20 Meninges and Blood Vessels of the Brain and
Spinal Cord, and the Cerebrospinal Fluid
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Chapter 16 General introduction
The function of nervous system ：
1、To control and regulate the activity of other systems, and make
human body as an organic integrity.
2、To maintain the unification of organism and the external
environment.
3、The nervous system of mankind can not only adapt to environment,
but also reform world subjectively.
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the discrimination of nervous system
The central nervous system includes brain
and spinal cord, and contains the cell body
of most neurons.
The peripheral nervous system includes 12
pair of cranial nerves, 31 pair of spinal
nerves and visceral nerves, which mainly
constitute the axon of the sensory neuron
and motor neuron.
visceral nerve
sympathetic nerve
parasympathetic nerve
•The nerves can be divided into the
following four types according to their
distribution and nature：
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somatic nerve
visceral nerve
sensory nerve
motor nerve
the composition of nervous system
The fundamental tissue of nervous system
is nervous tissue.
nervous
system
neuron
neuroglia
neuron
It is the basic unit of structure and
function of nervous system, which
perform the function of receiving
stimulation and conducting nervous
impulse.
1、the construction of neuron
cell body
Nissl body
neurofibril
neuron
prominence
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dendrite
axon
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the commonly used technical terms of nervous system
gray matter
In the central nervous system, the position for the gathering of neuron cell body
and their dendrite is called gray matter, such as gray matter of spinal cord.
cortex
The gray matter distributes in laminating on the surface of cerebrum and
cerebellum, which is called cortex.
white matter
In the central nervous system, the gathering of nerve fibers is called white matter.
medulla
The white matter, which lies in cerebrum and cerebellum, is called medulla for
wrapping by cortex.
nucleus
In the central nervous system, the neuron cell bodies, which have similar shape
and function, gather and form group or collumn, which are called nucleus. The
neuron cell bodies don’t include cortex.
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ganglion
In peripheral nervous system, the neuron cell bodies gather and are called
ganglion.
sensory ganglion－is gathered by the body of sensory neuron.
visceral motor ganglion－is gathered by the cell body of efferent neuron.
fasciculus
In the white matter, all the nerve fibers, which have basic identical beginning,
course and function, gather and called fasciculus.
nerve
In peripheral nervous system, the assemblage of nerve fibers is called nerve.
perilemma
the connective tissue which wraps outside every nerve.
lamellar sheath
The connective tissue that extend into the bundle and divide each nerve into
several small bundles, and wrap them.
endoneurium
the connective tissue wrap outside each nerve fiber.
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the neuron cell
body gathering
central part
the nerve fiber
gathering
gray matter
cortex
nucleus
white matter
medulla
fasciculus
the neuron cell body gathing—ganglion
periphral part
the nerve fiber gathering—nerve
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the activity style of nervous system
The basic activity style of nervous system is reflex activity.
In the activity of regulating body, the nervous system make eligible reaction to all
kinds of stimulations in or out environment, which is called reflex.
reflex arc：the morphological basement
of completing reflex
⑶
includes five parts：
⑷
perceptive organ ⑴ →afferent nerve ⑵
⑵
→ center⑶→centrifugal nerve⑷
→effector organ⑸
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the study and observe method of nervous
system
⑸
⑴